1. Unit #3-4 Review
Ms. Ross

2. Review
Constitutional Principles
Amendment Handout

3. Principles and Preamble of the Constitution
Separation of Powers: power divided amongst the branches of government to prevent abuse
Checks and Balances: branches check each others power
Federalism: power broken into small governments
Popular Sovereignty: the power of the government comes from the people
Rule of Law/ Limited Government: everyone must follow the laws

4. Amendments Bill of Rights: meant to protect individual rights RAAPS
Guns
Quartering Troops
Search and Seizure
Double Jeopardy & Self Incrimination
Speedy Trial/ Right to lawyer
Trial by jury
Cruel and unusual punishment
People’s rights
State’s rights

5. Amendments 14th: Public Education
13th, 14th, and 15th: During Civil War
18th: Prohibition
Repealed by the 21st
Amendment Process:
Ratified by ¾ of states
Difficult: agreed upon all states

6. Court Cases Marbury V. Madison: establishes judicial review
Korematsu v. U.S.: established the government could limit our rights during times of war
NJ v. TLO and Mapp v. Ohio: dealt with cases of search and seizure
Roe v. Wade: legalized a woman’s right to abortion
Swann v. CMS and Brown v. Board of Education: dealt with desegregation of public schools
Plessy v. Ferguson: established separate but equal doctrine by later overturned by Brown v. Board

7. Legislative Branch Gov’t Body: Congress (Created in Connecticut Plan)
Main Role: creates the laws
Powers
Establish courts
Approve treaties
Declare war
Coin money
Impeach & remove President
Approve Pres. Appointments
Levy taxes
Franking Privilege: sending mail for free
THESE ARE ALL EXPRESSED POWERS!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!

8. Legislative Branch U.S. Senate Total in Congress = 100 senators
How many per state = 2 per state
Term Length: 6 year terms
Age Requirement: 30 Years old
Citizenship Requirement: 9 Year citizen
House of Representatives
Total in Congress = 435 house members
Term Length: 2 year terms
How many per state = depends on state population
Age Requirement: 25 Years old
Citizenship Requirement: 7 Year citizen

9. Legislative Branch Leaders of Congress
Speaker of the House: Official Leader of the House of Representatives
President of the Senate: The Vice President of the U.S.
President Pro Tempore: Temporary leader of the Senate (Vice President is usually doing something else

10. Legislative Branch Bill to Law: - All laws originate in Congress.
- A law must be introduced into either house of Congress.
- Once a Bill is proposed it is referred to a standing committee.
- Standing Committee’s are groups of politicians that meet regularly to discuss a specialized topic.
-Ex. National Security Council, Judicial Committee

11. Legislative Branch Bill to Law:
- A representative can stall a bill out through a filibuster.
- A Filibuster refers to holding the floor and preventing a vote on a law.
Once both the House and Senate have a version of the Bill it is sent to Conference Committee
They create a compromise Bill that will pass both the House and Senate.

12. Executive Branch Includes the President and his cabinet
Selected by the electoral college
Line of command: Pres., VP, Speaker of the House
Requirement of President:
To carry out/enforce the nation’s laws.
Qualifications to be President
35 yrs old
Natural Born Citizen
(Born IN the US, or, parents citizens when he is born)
14 years resident

13. Executive Branch 7 Roles of the President
Chief Executive- enforces the law
Judicial Leader- appoints judges, pardons
Chief Diplomat– foreign relations
Commander-in-Chief- head of military
Legislative Leader- suggests legislation
Head of State- symbol of the nation
Party Leader-leads his party

14. Judicial Branch Established by Article III of the Constitution
The Constitution is the Supreme Law of the Land (Supremacy Clause)
Supreme Court has final interpretation of the Constitution
Courts establish precedent to guide later cases
Supreme Court Justices are appointed by the President and approved by the Senate
8 Justices, 1 Chief Justice

15. State and Local Government
NC Governor is head of the executive
Must be 30 years old
4 year term, 2 consecutive terms
Unlimited number of terms
Can line-item veto: veto parts of a bill
The General Assembly is like Congress
Bicameral, 2 houses
Local Government:
Zoning
Annexation: expands taxes