1. History of Health Education

2. Early History: Trial and Error (lay-referral network)
Medical lore passed down from generation to generation
Throughout history people have always turned to some type of medicine man or physician for counsel

3. Ancient Cultures: Good hygiene practices
Paved streets, drains, sewer systems
Code of Hammurabi
Before science enabled us to determine pathogenic causes of disease, spiritual explanations and leadership prevailed

4. Greeks: Balance of physical, mental, and spiritual
Hippocrates and the“atomic theory” (p.43)
Recorded observations
between disease and
geography, living conditions,
climate, and diet
See page 42 in text for atomic theory!!

5. Romans: Conquered the Greeks, but retained their medical knowledge
Exceptional builders of water and sewage systems
Attention to where they located towns and drainage
Advanced study of human anatomy and surgery

6. Middle Ages:
In order for people to be protected, they built fortresses around their property and animals
Overcrowding and sanitation
Little emphasis on cleanliness in early Christianity
Disease was caused by sin or disobeying God
Time of great epidemics – bubonic plague
Read from text on page 46 about the bubonic plague

7. Renaissance: Beginning of change Disease and plague still rampant
Bloodletting popular
“water casting”
Barbers performed surgery and dentistry
Hygiene of royalty

8. Renaissance cont.
Printing press invented so classical writing could be reproduced
OK to study the human body and anatomy advanced
Leeuwenhoek discovered the microscope
John Graunt made advancement in epi
“health boards” began to be developed in communities

9. Age of Enlightenment: Disease and plagues still raged
Miasmas theory of disease took hold
Mind and body were dependent on one another
Edward Jenner discovered vaccine procedure for smallpox

10. 1800’s (Bacterial period of public Health)
First half of the century diseases continued to rage
1842 Edwin Chadwick’s report
1849 John Snow and the Broad Street pump
Louis Pasteur – Germ theory of disease
Joseph Lister – antiseptic method

11. Health Education & Promotion in the United States
Early colonial schools
1647 – “Old Deluder” law
By mid 1800’s schools were tax supported and attendance was required
1850 –first mandate to teach physiology and hygiene in all public schools
Shattuck Report

12. 1873 – APHA started
Women’s Crusade, later called the Women’s Christian Temperance Union
1890’s - medical inspections began
1901- Thomas Wood

13. 1914 - Demonstration projects began
1914 – WWI, 1st large scale measure of health status of Americans
1920’s-1930’s many studies designed to clarify the role of health education
Great Depression,
WWII,

14. 1950 – Health Education was emerging as integral part of elementary, secondary, & college curriculum

15. 1970’s:The Era of Prevention
1971 – Coalition of National Health Organizations formed
1974 – LaLonde Report
** Health Field Concept **
1974 – CDC was established
1979 – Healthy People: The Surgeon General’s Report on Health Promotion and Disease Prevention was published

16. 1980’s
Promoting Health & Preventing Disease: Objectives for the Nation
Initial Role Delineation study for Health Education
Examination of professional preparation programs and professional competencies
First Certified Health Education Specialists (CHES) recognized

17. 1990’s National Health Education Standards published
Responsibilities/competencies for entry-level Health Educators published
SOC designation for Health Educators
Competencies Update Project (CUP)

18. 2000’s Unified Code of Ethics
Report of Joint Committee on Health Education & Promotion Terminology
Promotion of CHES
Revised national HE competencies (3 levels) based on CUP
Outcome-Based Education & Practice

19. Patient Protection & Affordable Care Act
Signed into law March 2010
Expands health care coverage
Should help health education specialists
Focus on prevention & preventive services
Encourages & promotes worksite wellness
Evidence-based community prevention & wellness programs
Moves prevention toward the mainstream
Some components of the law are already in place
Major components required in 2014; not be fully implemented until 2019