1. “Bull's-eye” sign on gadolinium-enhanced magnetic resonance venography determines thrombus presence and age: A preliminary study 
James B. Froehlich, MD, Martin R. Prince, MD, PhD, Lazar J. Greenfield, MD, L.Joseph Downing, MD, Nikhil L. Shah, BS, Thomas W. Wakefield, MD 
Journal of Vascular Surgery 
Volume 26, Issue 5, Pages (November 1997)
DOI: /S (97)
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
Note enhancement on image after gadolinium injection (left) compared with inversion recovery image (right). Enhancement with gadolinium was limited to vein wall, whereas edema (bright signal on inversion recovery) involved vein wall and perivenous tissue.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 1
Note enhancement on image after gadolinium injection (left) compared with inversion recovery image (right). Enhancement with gadolinium was limited to vein wall, whereas edema (bright signal on inversion recovery) involved vein wall and perivenous tissue.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

4. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 809-816DOI: (10
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

5. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 809-816DOI: (10
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 2
Enhancement after gadolinium injection (right) occurred where thrombus was adherent to vein wall, whereas less enhancement was seen where flow channel was present on time-of-flight imaging (left).
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 2
Enhancement after gadolinium injection (right) occurred where thrombus was adherent to vein wall, whereas less enhancement was seen where flow channel was present on time-of-flight imaging (left).
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

8. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 809-816DOI: (10
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

9. Journal of Vascular Surgery 1997 26, 809-816DOI: (10
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

10. Fig. 3
Note that gadolinium enhancement that acutely (left) produced characteristic “bull's-eye” sign decreased chronically (right). Vein likewise decreased in circumference. T1 weighted images after gadolinium enhancement (both right and left).
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

11. Fig. 3
Note that gadolinium enhancement that acutely (left) produced characteristic “bull's-eye” sign decreased chronically (right). Vein likewise decreased in circumference. T1 weighted images after gadolinium enhancement (both right and left).
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions

12. Fig. 4
Piecewise linear regression analysis with best-fit lines for thrombosed veins over time.
Journal of Vascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /S (97) )
Copyright © 1997 Society for Vascular Surgery and International Society for Cardiovascular Surgery, North American Chapter Terms and Conditions