1. Ch. 37- Communities and Ecosystems

2. Key Concepts
Basic ecological principles
Major components of ecosystems
Matter cycles and energy flow

3. The Nature of Ecology
Ecosystem organization
Organisms
Populations
Communities
Ecosystems
Biosphere

4. Natural Capital: Sustaining Life of Earth
One-way flow of energy from Sun
Cycling of Crucial Elements
Gravity
Fig. 4-8 p. 60

5. Solar Capital: Flow of Energy to and from the Earth
Fig. 4-9 p. 61

6. Components of Ecosystems
Abiotic chemicals
Photosynthesis
Producers (autotrophs)
Consumers (heterotrophs)
Aerobic respiration
Decomposers
Fig p. 67

7. Connections: Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Food chains
Food webs
Trophic Levels

8. Section 1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Chapter 5
Food Chains
A food chain is a sequence in which energy is transferred from one organism to the next as each organism eats another organism.

9. Section 1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Chapter 5
Food Webs
A food web shows many feeding relationships that are possible in an ecosystem.

10. Connections: Food Chains and Energy Flow in Ecosystems

11. Ecological Pyramids
Pyramid of energy flow
Pyramid of biomass

12. Chapter 5 Trophic Levels Section 1 Energy Flow in Ecosystems
Showing energy loss from 1 trophic level to the next- grass stores 1,000 times more energy thank the hawk at the top level.

13. Terrestrial Ecosystems Average net primary productivity (kcal/m2/yr)
Swamps and marshes
Tropical rain forest
Temperate forest
Savanna
Agricultural land
Woodland and shrubland
Temperate grassland
Tundra (arctic and alpine)
Desert scrub
Extreme desert
Estuaries
Lakes and streams
Continental shelf
Terrestrial Ecosystems
Open ocean
Aquatic Ecosystems
800
1,600
2,400
3,200
4,000
4,800
5,600
6,400
7,200
8,000
8,800
Average net primary productivity (kcal/m2/yr)
Net primary productivity is the amount of solar energy converted to chemical energy by producers.

14. Connections: Matter Cycling in Ecosystems
Biogeochemical cycles
Hydrologic cycle (H2O)
Carbon cycle
Nitrogen cycle
Phosphorus cycle

15. Hydrologic (Water) Cycle

16. The Carbon Cycle (Terrestrial)
Carbon cycle depends on photosynthesis and respiration.

17. The Nitrogen Cycle
Nitrogen cycle relies on bacteria

18. The Phosphorus Cycle
The phosphorous cycle depends on the weathering of rocks;
slowest of all the cycles

19. *Animations of Major Concepts
Chapter 37 and 38
*Animations of Major Concepts

20. Transfer of Energy through Trophic Levels
Flow of energy / trophic levels – Animation
Biomagnification- short video

21. Biogeochemical Cycles
Animations of each process
Carbon
Nitrogen (lake eutrophication process)
Phosphorus
Water

22. Species in an Ecosystem
Native species- FL are panther, manatee
Alien; Exotic Species
Indicator species - birds/amphibians
Keystone Species – bees / sea otters