1. The Portuguese and the Sea
Madredeus: O mar

3. Portugal: no mediterráneo. Alboran Sea. Mar de Alborán
Portugal: no mediterráneo! Alboran Sea. Mar de Alborán. Alboráninmeri on Välimeren läntisin osa.

5. PORTUGAL

6. From Gibraltar to Trafalgar
(From the Montain of Tarik to the Cape of the Cave
Ṭāriq ibn Ziyād al-Layti

7. Umayyad Caliphate (Year 750)
After the Umayyads were overthrown by the Abbasid Caliphate, they fled across North Africa to Spain (Al-Andalus), where they established the Caliphate of Córdoba, which lasted until Califato Omeya (DAMASCUS –SIRIA) Abbasid Caliphate (BAGHDAD) Califato Abasí

9. Battle of Tours Year: 732 Battle of Poitiers
Charles Martel A brilliant general, he is considered to be a founding figure of the Middle Ages, often credited with a seminal role in the development of feudalism and knighthood, and laying the groundwork for the Carolingian Empire.[8][9] He was also the father of Pepin the Short and grandfather of Charlemagne.

10. Caliphate of Córdoba Year 1000

11. Almoravid dynasty YEAR 1100

12. Almohad Caliphate Year 1200
The movement was started by Ibn Tumart in the Masmuda tribe, followed by Abd al-Mu'min al-Gumi between 1130 and his death in 1163, the Almohads defeated the ruling Almoravids, extending their power over all of the Maghreb. Al-Andalus, Moorish Iberia (modern Portugal and southern Spain) under the Almoravid dynasty, followed the fate of Africa, and in 1170 the Almohads transferred their capital to Seville. Los almohades

13. Year 1210

14. al-ʼGharb al-ʼAndalus (ALGARVE) (711-1249) Ŝarq al-Andalus

15. COUNTY OF PORTUGAL (1093-1139) as an autonomy of the KINGDOM OF LEON
Alfonso Heriques  ALFONSO 1 ( )
Treaty of Zamora (1143)
Papal Bull – Alexander III - Manifestis Probatum in 1179
KINGDOM OF PORTUGAL

17. Treaty of Windsor (1386)
João I of Portugal (Aviz) & Philippa of Lancaster

18. Treaties
Treaty of Alcáçovas Portugal: Azores, Madeira, Cape Verde
Castilla: Canary Islands
1481 Portugal: South Canary Islands  Africa
Inter caetera Pope Alexander VI
Treaty of Tordesillas World: Western part exclusive to Spain and the east part to Portugal.
Treaty of Zaragoza Asia

19.  Year 1580
Portugal discovered an eastern route to India (Cape of Good Hope)
BRAZIL
Southern Asia Trade + routes
AFRICA
CHINA and JAPAN (Religion)

20. Treaty of Tordesillas

21. Treaty of Tordesillas

23. Pedro Álvares Cabral

25. Portuguese Empire

28. D. Catarina Henriqueta de Bragança (Queen consort 1662-1665)

29. The Iberian union from 1580–1640 Portugal and its empire  decline
Metheun Treaty (1703)
Rise of Dutch and British empires - Battle of Trafalgar (1805)
Taraf al Ghar
El cabo de la cueva
There were three major elements to the Methuen Treaty. The first was the establishment of the war aims of the Grand Alliance. Secondly the agreement meant that Spain would become a new theatre of war. Finally, it regulated the establishment of trade relations, especially between Britain and Portugal.
Until 1703 the Grand Alliance had never established any formal war aims. The Methuen Treaty changed this as it confirmed that the alliance would try to secure the entire Spanish Empire for the Austrian claimant to the throne, the Archduke Charles, later Charles VI of Austria.
The Treaty also established the numbers of troops the various countries would provide to fight the campaign in Spain. The Portuguese also insisted that Archduke Charles would come to Portugal to lead the forces in order to ensure full allied commitment to the war in Spain.
In addition, the Treaty helped to establish trading relations between England and Portugal. The terms of the Treaty allowed English woolen cloth to be admitted into Portugal free of duty. In return, Portuguese wines imported into England would be subject to a third less duty than wines imported from France. This was particularly important in helping the development of the port industry. As England was at war with France, it became increasingly difficult to acquire wine and so port started to become a popular replacement

37. Lisbon Earthquake  1755

39. British Empire in 1897

41. The Continental Blockade  impact in the political future of Portugal and Brazil
Declared by Napoleon Bonaparte in 1806  huge repercussions for Portugal
Portugal refuse to close its national ports to commerce with the British
France war with Portugal Huge consequences (economical, political, social)
Transfer of the Portuguese court (King John VI) to Brazil

42. Pedro I of Brazil INDEPENDENCE OF BRAZIL - 1822
When arriving in the city of São Paulo on the night of September 7, 1822, Pedro and his fellow companions had spread the notice of the Brazilian independence from Portugal. The Prince was received with great popular celebration and was called “King of Brazil” but also “Emperor of Brazil”.[28][29] Pedro returned to Rio de Janeiro on September 14 and in the following days the liberals had spread pamphlets (written by Joaquim Gonçalves Ledo) that suggested the idea that the Prince should be acclaimed Constitutional Emperor.[28] On September 17 the President of the Municipal Chamber of Rio de Janeiro, José Clemente Pereira, sent to the other Chambers of the country the news that the Acclamation would occur in the anniversary of Pedro on October 12.[30] On the following day the new flag and arms of the independent Kingdom of Brazil were created (The Imperial flag and arms created later on October 12 were identical to those with the exception of the crown that from Royal became Imperial).[31]
Coronation of Emperor Pedro I on December 1, 1822.
The official separation would only occur on September 22, 1822 in a letter written by Pedro to João VI. In it, Pedro still calls himself Prince Regent and his father is considered the King of the independent Brazil.[32][33]

43. Slave Market, Pernambuco, Brazil, 1821

44. European men examining slaves at the slave market of Rio de Janeiro 1824 (©Wellcome Library)

46. PORTUGAL