1. Wenche Aas and Karl Espen Yttri (EMEP/CCC)
Summary of what has been done and some first preliminary results related to the last EMEP intensive field measurements
Wenche Aas and Karl Espen Yttri (EMEP/CCC)

2. Outline
The experience and lesson learnt from the intensive period
Background and content of the two latter periods
What has been measured by whom
How (methodology and time resolution)
First prelimenary results
How to proceed

3. Experiences from the last EMEP Intensive periods in 2007 -2008
Lot of different data –no clear priority
Problems with some non comparable data sets
OC, TC or OM are sometimes corrected and sometimes not. Not always known which temperature programme is used. Different filters.
Not known artefact for NO3, NH4 from filters (ex IT01)
Sometimes PM1 > PM2.5 > PM1.0 ( mass or speciation)
Non harmonised reporting
Different format and units, not always specified the PM size, neither method
Parallel reporting to EMEP/EUSAAR etc causing duplications and confusing
Unclear on Intellectual property rights
Nevertheless, a unique dataset for EMEP
Especially for hourly resolution – need a publication on this (MSC-W/CEH/PSI..)
What to do further with the speciation data is not decided

4. Improvement for last periods
Clear guidelines of which measurements are needed/wanted
Harmonised measurement methods, especially needed for EC/OC –use reference
Data reporting in harmonised format
Improved information on Data ownership and IPR
(Better spatial distribution of the more advanced measurements )

5. 1) What to measure
Mass closure (inorganic, crustal, EC/OC). Daily/weekly (EMEP) or hourly (EUCAARI)
Inorganic gas concentrations (HNO3, NH3)
Aerosol size distributions (EUCAARI/EUSAAR)
Separation of organic aerosol into
primary vs. secondary and
biogenic vs. anthropogenic components (e.g. levoglucosane, 14C);
Attempts to quantify aerosol water (EUCAARI)
Attempts to quantify the OC/OM ratio (EUCAARI)
Vertical profiles (coordinate with Earlinet)

6. High resolution measurements
EUCAARI: 11 AMS + 4 MARGA/GRAEGOR/SJAC To be presented by Eiko on wednesday

7. Weekly speciation measurements

8. 2) Harmonised measurement method
Filter from same batch (sendt from NILU)
Tandem filter approach (QBQ)
EC/OC with EUSAAR -2
Levoglucosan at NILU
in addition FMI,Ispra, FR.. do levo analysis
Intercalibration beeing conducted
14C at Bern (some at Lund)
Mineral dust –some guidelines given

9. 3) Data reporting Weekly speciation Hourly data (AMS)
2008 data by normal EMEP data reporting before 31 July2009 (new deadline)
2009 data with simplified excel format
Except from DE44, only EC/OC yet been reported
Hourly data (AMS)
Converting routines beetween AMS output to NASA AMES are beeing established (EUCAARI)
Eiko Nemitz received data (Wednesday)

10. 4) Data ownership

12. Results, EC/OC and Levoglucosan
OCp = particulate OC. Front – backup filter, conservative OC estimate
OC wood from levoglucosan analysis
Sites where we presently has data for both levoglucosan (analysed at NILU) and EC/OC
increasing concentrations along a Southern and Eastern transect.

13. Preliminary remarks:
These preliminary results show that there is a substantial variation in the concentration of OCp amongst the various sites, ranging over one order of magnitude during the winter period. The spatial variation corresponds to that reported for the EMEP EC/OC campaign conducted in 2002 and Although associated with a level of uncertainty the results indicate that wood burning emissions are a substantial contributor to OCP levels at European rural background sites in fall and in particular in winter.

14. Further process Weekly speciation
Filters sent to Bern for 14C analysis
Apportion analysis of the organic matter (latin hypercube)
EC from biomass and fossil fuel
OC from biomass, fossil fuel, biogenics
SOA from anthropogenic and bigenic precursors
QA: lab intercalibration for non central labs
Reporting and publication (EMEP special issue)
Hourly
Reporting format soon to be implemented
EUCAARI group to publish results
Latin Hypercube sampling it is possible to apportion the ambient carbonaceous aerosol into several different sources such as: elemental carbon from combustion of biomass (ECbb) and fossil fuel (ECff), organic carbon from combustion of biomass (OCbb) and fossil fuel (OCff), primary biogenics (OCpb), and secondary organic aerosols from anthropogenic and (ASOA) and biogenic (BSOA) precursors. (It should be noted that these are quantitative estimates). The current approach makes it possible to separate not only primary and secondary aerosols, but also to separate between natural and anthropogenic sources, which is highly important in order to sort out abatement strategies for reducing man-made emissions of the carbonaceous aerosol.