1. Carroll Chapter 16 Baumeister & Tice Chapter 3
Atypical Sexual Variations

2. What is Normal? Statistical norm (mean,var) Social/cultural norm
Many behs rare but not deviant
Social/cultural norm
Varies lots
Inappropriate people, objects, or activities
Non genital sex

3. Paraphilias Atypical sexual patterns (APA)
Arousal to unusual S (kids, shoes, rubber)
Uncontrollable, recurrent urges (acted on)
Distressing
Problematic
Mostly men
Harmless v. victim-producing

4. Fetishism
Arousal to inanimate objects (high-heeled shoes, stockings, rubber)
Masturbation device (almost all men)
Varies in intensity
Pleasurable addition
No arousal w/o object
Is this normal?

5. Class Data 03 (N = 71, Female = 41)
Yes
Masturbate - NonSex 20%
Male Female
Yes Yes
Masturbate - NonSex 25% 18%

6. What is Normal? Matter of degree
Being aroused by high-heeled shoes is not necessarily a problem
Uncontrollable urges
Distressed & no satisfaction w/o object
Harmful to self, others (burglary of women’s shoes)

7. Reaction Paper I: Fetishism
How would you react if your lover revealed that s/he had a fetish? Do you think fetishes are ‘sick’ or ‘harmless fun’? Why do you think you feel this way?
PLEASE TURN IN AFTER CLASS!

8. Transvestism Aroused by dressing like women Married heterosexuals
No gender confusion
Likely to be oldest/only children close w/ Mom
Petticoat punishment

9. Pedophilia Sexual arousal by children
Most common victimizing paraphilia
Wide cultural & historical variation in acceptability
Illegal in every country in the world
Begins in adolescence & is obsessive, predatory
Girls more likely to be victims than boys

10. Pedophilia Most pedophiles are males
Some females but they usually play helping role to male
Female pedophiles more disturbed
Abuse younger children for a longer time
Abuse can produce long lasting psychological trauma

11. Pedophilia Pedophiles Arrested psychological development
Poor self-esteem
Poor social skills w/ adults
History of being abused (~35%)
Difficult/impossible to treat
100s of victims & very high recidivism rate

12. Causes Biology Psychoanalytical Behavioral/Learning
No brain abnormalities
Hormone imbalances (exhibitionists high T)
Psychoanalytical
Defend against uncon fears (castration anxiety)
Symbolically assert penis
Behavioral/Learning
Associate object/act w/ arousal or reward during childhood

13. Masochism Aroused by pain and/or humiliation
Spanked, bound, domination, lick boots, urinated on, by sexual sadist (S&M)
Elaborate rituals
Avoid injury (pain, not damage)
Mostly men but women also
Most married, successful & prosperous
No relation w/ sexual orientation
Pain arousing only in sexual context

14. Class Data 03 (N = 71, Female = 41)
Yes
Kinsey (1953) ~25%
Engaged in Masochistic 31%
Male Female
Engaged in Masochistic 29% 32%
Maybe or definitely
Try Masochistic 46% 23%

15. Masochism: Causes Psychoanalytical Not supported
Guilt over unconscious desire for power
Punish ourselves
Guilt over normal sex - domination freeing
Not supported
Masochistic desires far more common (4:1)
Start masochistic role -> sadistic
Guilt about S&M, not normal sexual desires

16. Biological Opponent Processes
Masochism: Causes
Biological Opponent Processes
Physiological reactions causes equal and opposite reaction
Pain -> pleasure
Not supported
Masochism too rare in general population
Cultural variation large

17. Masochism: Causes Escape From Self Modern Western culture stressful
Reduce self-awareness releases stress
Pain, humiliation focuses attention on immediate experience
Forget self & worries of normal life
Break from stress of daily life (reprieve)
Mistress take me away

18. Group Activity II: Paraphilias
Groups of 4-5 (mixed-gender) discuss the following questions
Summarize As
Present to class
PLEASE TURN IN AFTER CLASS!

19. Group Activity II: Paraphilias
1. Why do paraphilias occur primarily among men? Is there gender bias regarding behaviors labeled “deviant”? (e.g., are women who dress like men deviant?)
2. Why do you think women have more masochistic fantasies than men & men engage in more masochistic behavior?

20. Conclusions What is (ab)normal is hard to define
Rooted in current culture
Harmful to self or others key
Sexual interest, behaviors vary widely
Many theoretical approaches attempt to explain this variability