1. Bellringer
If you were President during the Great Depression what strategies would you use to try to combat the Great Depression and help those in need?
If you have a highlighter take it out

2. FDR’s New Deal

3. President Herbert Hoover 1929-1933
Does little to stop the Depression

4. Hoover Struggles with the Depression
Philosophy:
Hoover opposed any form of federal welfare, or direct relief to the needy.
Handouts would weaken a person’s “moral fiber.”
Relief, he thought, should come from private organizations.
Hoover’s philosophy angered and frustrated many suffering Americans.

5. Who did Hoover try to help?
By helping the wealthy, it
was believed that financial health would trickle down to help people at the bottom.
Known as Trickle Down Economics
This theory did not work. Businesses used the extra money to improve their businesses instead of helping the workers.

6. Who did Hoover try to help?
Hawley-Smoot Tariff
Highest protective tariff in the U.S.
Designed to protect American farmers and business from foreign competition.
It had the opposite effect – world trade fell 40%

7. Who did Hoover try to help?
Reconstruction Finance Corporation
$2 billion for emergency financing for banks, life insurance companies, railroads and other large businesses.
Believed the $ would trickle-down to the average citizen through job growth and higher wages.
To little, to late

8. Who did Hoover try to help?
Construction of Boulder Dam (Hoover Dam)
$700 million public works program
Provided electricity, water, irrigation, and flood control to 7 western states
Intended to create jobs and money flow

9. Some Major problems…..
Hoover strongly opposed to federal intervention (prefers Laissez Faire)--thought it would ruin feelings of independence
Yet, Gov’t was running out of money
Indirect aid was not helping those who most needed it

10. Describe what you see
Who does the sign blame for their problems?
How does this make you feel towards Hoover?

11. Anti-Hoover Sentiment
Americans grew more and more frustrated by the depression as time passed
Farmers burned their crops rather than sell it at a loss
As an insult to the president, shantytowns were dubbed “Hoovervilles, ” and newspapers that were used to keep warm were called “Hoover Blankets.”
Hoover, who was once seen as a humanitarian, was now seen as a cold and heartless leader.

12. Hoovervilles

13. Film Clip: Welcome to Hooverville

14. The Bonus Army
In 1932, 17,000 World War I veterans march to the Washington D.C to demand that they get paid their bonus for service in the war
The bonuses were not to be paid off until 1945, but they wanted their bonuses immediately
The Patman Bill would have given the army their bonuses immediately; it did not pass
Hoover decided to forcibly remove the war veterans by using tear gas
Many people were injured, several killed

15. Hoover’s END and Legacy
Hoover could not effectively deal with the Depression.
He was viewed as uncaring and unsympathetic towards the sufferings of Americans. People felt that Hoover had no compassion
Americans shocked by treatment of veterans
Failure to deal with Depression and the Bonus Army ends Hoover’s hope for re- election
This would eventually lead to his losing the election of 1932 to Franklin Delano Roosevelt

16. Election of 1932
The Republicans re-nominated President Hoover as their candidate, yet they were aware they had little chance of winning.
The Democrats nominated Franklin Delano Roosevelt, FDR, a two term governor of New York.
Roosevelt won the presidency by capturing nearly 23 million votes over Hoover 16 million votes.
In the Senate, Democrats claimed a 2/3 majority and in the House they won almost ¾ of the seats.

17. Roosevelt won the election by a landslide

18. Franklin Delano Roosevelt 1933-1945

19. The Rise of FDR 1910 Senator Assistant Secretary of the Navy
1921 Stricken with Polio and became paralyzed
1928 Governor of New York

20. The only thing we have to fear is fear itself!
Franklin D. Roosevelt
The only thing we have to fear is fear itself!
Starts planning his “first 100 days”
Calls reforms his “New Deal” for Americans
Makes a more active government

21. The New Deal: What was it?

22. Roosevelt’s plan for fixing the Great Depression: “The New Deal”
Focus on helping Americans by offering the 3 R’s

23. Relief
The government will give direct help or relief to those who are suffering
May be food, clothing, shelter
Immediate help

24. Recovery
The government will provide jobs to help Americans recover from the Depression
Temporary jobs & programs

25. Reform The government will regulate (make rules) for business
No more laissez faire
Changes to laws
Permanent programs to avoid another depression

26. Listen to speech
Roosevelt’s Actions
Gave “Fireside Chats” to calm people over the depression
Hired the best thinkers/problem solvers to fix the Depression (Brain Trust)

27. The Bank Holiday
On March 5--the day after being sworn into office--Roosevelt stepped into the breach and declared a "bank holiday," which, for four days forced the closure of the nation's banks and halted all financial transactions.
The "holiday" not only helped stem the frantic run on banks, but gave Roosevelt time to push the Emergency Banking Act through the legislative chain.
Passed by Congress on March 9, the act handed the president a far-reaching grip over bank dealings and "foreign transactions."
The legislation also paved the path for solvent banks to resume business as early as March 10.
Three short days later nearly 1,000 banks were up and running again