1. Levels of Police in Canada
Law 12
Mr. Goldsack

2. Policing in Canada
The most expensive component of justice system in Canada is policing.
Police force costs about 13 billion dollars annually and includes almost 69,000 police officers at three different levels:
Federal
Provincial
Municipal
Since the 1970’s, arrangements have also been made for Aboriginal police forces to serve many of the Aboriginal communities in Canada.

3. Federal Police
The Royal Canadian Mounted Police (RCMP) was formed in 1873 as the North-West Mounted Police and are now the federal police force in Canada.
They provide investigative and protective services to the federal government and serve as the provincial police (as well as municipal police in some areas) in all provinces and territories except Ontario and Quebec.
In Nunavut, the Yukon and the Northwest Territories, the RCMP is the only operating police force, although this arrangement may change if Aboriginal Police Forces are established in these areas.

4. Federal Police - RCMP
RCMP’s work focuses on the following eight areas:
Customs and Excise – investigates cases of international smuggling/ enforces the Customs Act in isolated areas of the country. Excise duties are taxes collected on goods produced in Canada, such as cigarettes and alcohol. The Canadian Customs and Revenue Agency imposes these taxes and the RCMP investigates violations of the Excise Act.
Drug Enforcement - enforces the laws identified in the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act. This branch of the RCMP consists of about 1000 officers who give the highest priority to cases involving international and interprovincial drug smuggling.
Economic Crime – focuses on commercial fraud, organized crime, technological crime, and securities fraud. This branch also works with the Bank of Canada to deliver early warnings to local police of currency counterfeiting activity.
Federal Policing - enforces 286 federal laws and 17 sets of regulations that cover such areas as hazardous waste transportation, environmental laws, explosives, vehicle odometer tampering, student loans, and other public safety and consumer protection issues.

5. Federal Police - RCMP
Immigration – gathers information on the smuggling of aliens into Canada and the counterfeiting of passports and visas. This branch also works with Immigration Canada to screen out immigration applicants who are members of criminal organizations or perpetrators of war crimes and acts of terrorism.
Proceeds of Crime – division identifies and confiscates money or property that has been acquired through criminal activities.
Criminal Intelligence – specializes in gathering intelligence, or information, on organized crime and terrorist groups.
International Liaison and Protective Services – provides security for federal officials and visiting heads of state. This division also co-operates with foreign police agencies such as Interpol (International Criminal Police Organization).
It is important to note that policing in these eight areas is not done exclusively by the RCMP. Provincial and municipal police forces and other provincial and federal agencies often work together to enforce the law in these areas.

6. Provincial Police
Provincial police forces have jurisdiction in rural areas and in unincorporated regions around cities. The largest of these forces is the Ontario Provincial Police (OPP), followed by the Sureté du Quebec and the Royal Newfoundland Constabulary. In other provinces and in other areas of NFLD and Lab. the RCMP operates as the provincial police.
Using the Ontario Provincial Police as an example of a provincial police force, these are the areas of responsibility they cover:
Policing municipalities that are not required by law to maintain their own police force
Responding to municipal police requests for special assistance in emergencies
Providing traffic control on all 400-series and major highways, including those sections that are in the jurisdiction of municipal police forces
Providing investigative services on request to the coroner’s office and to other police ministries
Performing other assigned duties such as maintaining the provincial firearms registry, providing security and protecting government officials and dignitaries.

7. Municipal Police
Jurisdiction in towns/cities funded by each municipality (Delta, Abbotsford, etc)
municipal police force organized into numbered divisions that service local community. Divisions then sub-divided into specialized crime squads
Ex. Gang Crime Unit, Robbery Squad, Homicide Squad and Explosives Disposal Unit.
A municipal police officer’s duties:
Preserving the peace
Preventing crimes from occurring
Assisting victims of crime
Apprehending criminals
Laying charges and participating in prosecutions
Executing warrants
Enforcing municipal bylaws

8. Aboriginal Police
The First Nations Policing Policy administered by the Dept. of the Solicitor General
a partnership among the federal/provincial/territorial governments and the Aboriginal peoples to develop police services for Aboriginal communities.
Each First Nation can make an agreement with the fed./prov. governments to establish standalone Aboriginal Police Forces or to develop First Nations contingents within existing forces.
The goal of such police forces is to offer services that are both professional and sensitive to the needs of the community.

9. Aboriginal Police
In June 1991 the federal government, gave First Nations communities the opportunity to participate with provincial and federal governments in developing dedicated policing services within their communities.
The policy is designed to give First Nations communities greater control over delivery and management of policing services

10. Aboriginal Police Why have aboriginal police forces?
Your Task….discuss with a partner.
Why have aboriginal police forces?
What services could this force provide (compared to the RCMP/Provincial force?
Create a Pros/Cons chart

11. Aboriginal Police
Currently, 124 police members provide enhanced service to 141 First Nations communities in B.C. The services ensure First Nations communities receive community policing services that are culturally sensitive and responsive to their particular needs. They are intended to improve the level of policing services normally provided by RCMP. Police officers providing enhanced services spend 100 per cent of their time on policing needs of First Nations communities.