1. Relating the Hierarchy of Experience to the type of technology that may help an individual.
During the semester we will explore different types of technology and how different types of technology can be used to assist individuals with disabilities
Some of these slides have annimation

2. Sensation
Activation of sensorineural structures
Senation processing Difficulties: Motor Function Manual dexterity Hearing Vision Sense of touch Speech
This slide organizes types of disabilities and the technology which you may want to consider as you search for solutions to assist an individual.
AT Match:
Voice Actived - Speech to Text
Screen Reader
Track ball
Magnification
Alternative Augmentative Communication Device

3. Perception: visual, auditory, haptic, motor
Ability to differentiate between stimuli via the sensory channels and for the brain to give stimuli meaning
Visual Perception (understanding what you see)
Difficulties:
distinguishing differences between things
distinguishing visual details
filling in missing parts of images (pictures, graphs, maps etc. )
distinguishing general characteristics of an image or a facical expression
Difficulties managing motor skills due to visual processing challenges (body movement in time and space, eye hand coordination)
organizing your work space or a room
AT Match: Software that changes the color contrast of visual materials, magnification software, software that allows for highlighting of text
In addition: alternative text description of visual data

4. Auditory processing difficulites:
Perception
Auditory processing difficulites:
distinguishing differences between sounds/voices
distinguishing specific words or numbers
distinguish general sound patterns
blending parts of words together
AT Match
Software that allows for different pitched voices, visual cues for auditory sounds in a computer system and text for all spoken word
Assistive Listening Device
Software that assists with learning the different parts of speech

5. Haptic processing difficulties:
Perception
Haptic processing difficulties:
Processing what is felt through touch and/or movement
Proprioception is the sense of the relative position of neighbouring parts of the body. Unlike the exteroceptive senses by which we perceive the outside world, and interoceptive senses, by which we perceive the pain and movement of internal organs, proprioception is a third distinct sensory modality that provides feedback solely on the status of the body internally. It is the sense that indicates whether the body is moving with required effort, as well as where the various parts of the body are located in relation to each other.
AT Matches
Varying Tactical Input Devices that are perceivable to the student (fuzzy mouse, squishy switch, rough texture devices)
Vibration of a mouse or a Wii gaming device

6. Sequential/Organizational processing difficulties includes:
Imagery/Memory
Comprehensive frame of reference for information and the sequence and storing of it
Sequential/Organizational processing difficulties includes:
remembering details long enough to get them into long-term memory
remembering daily routines
retrieving long-term details
doing things in the proper order using motor coordination
finding the words you want to say or write
organizing thoughts and materials
writing mechanics
sounding out new words
attending to details  
AT Match:
Organization Tools: color, groupers, flow charting, flash cards,
highlighting, drill and practice
Text to Speech
Speech to Text
Organizational software

7. Symbolization processing difficulties:
Ability to represent experience through language either verbally or nonverbally
Symbolization processing difficulties:
decoding skills weak for reading or encoding skills for writing
language fluency weakness
rules of grammar problematic
Social Cognition
conveying feelings through language
political acumen
AT Matches: - Use pictures rather than text to communicate
- Use Speech to Text Software
- Organizational Software Tools
- Software that helps build social cognition

8. Conceptualization
Abstraction of ideas, generalization, abstract problem solving categorical reasoning
Conceptualization processing difficulties:
Concept formation
Critical thinking
Problem solving
Applying rules and principles
Ability to explain how something works
AT Match: Tools that help you organize your thoughts such as flow charts or concept maps in organizational software. Software that helps organize steps to apply rules and principles. Graphic interfaces that display mathematical principles.

9. Text to Speech, 3D Objects, Raised Line Graphs, Overlays
General Assistive Technology Match to the Hierarchy of Learning
Organizational Software Tools (Concept Maps, Brainstorming, Study Aids)
Conceptualization
Symbolization
Text to Speech, 3D Objects, Raised Line Graphs, Overlays
Imagery / Memory
Voice Activated Computing/AAC
Perception
Screen Readers, Magnification, ALD, Large Button, Track Ball, Voice Activation
Sensation
Johnson, D.J. & Myklebust, H.R. Learning Disabilities, Grune & Stratton, New York, 1967

10. Neuro -developmental Constructs Assistive Tech Categories
Hierarchy Of Learning
Neuro -developmental Constructs
Assistive Tech Categories
Conceptualization
Concept –Formation
Problem Solving
Organizational Software Tools (Concept Maps, Brainstorming, Study Aids)
Symbolization
Phonological Processing
Morphological Sense
Text to Speech, 3D Objects, Raised Line Graphs, Overlays
Voice Activated Computing/AAC
Imagery/Memory
Temporal-Sequential –Ordering
Saliency Determination
Pattern Recognition
Recall
Perception
Proprioception
Spatial Ordering
Visual Motor Integration
Screen Readers, Magnification, ALD, Large Button, Track Ball, Voice Activation
Sensation
Motor Function
Manual dexterity
Same information as the previous slide but with Neurodevelopmental Constructs added

11. General Assistive Technology Match to the Hierarchy of Learning
Conceptualization
Concept –Formation
Problem Solving
AT: Organizational Software Tools (Concept Maps, Brainstorming, Study Aids)
Symbolization
Phonological Processing
Morphological Sense
AT: Text to Speech, 3D Objects, Raised Line Graphs, Overlays, Voice Activated Computing/AAC
Imagery/Memory
Temporal-Sequential –Ordering
Saliency Determination
Pattern Recognition
Recall
AT: Voice Activated Computing/AAC, Organizational Software Tools (Concept Maps, Brainstorming, Study Aids)
Perception
Proprioception
Spatial Ordering
Visual Motor Integration
AT: Screen Readers, Magnification, ALD, Large Button, Track Ball, Voice Activation, Text to Speech, 3D Objects, Raised Line Graphs, Overlays
Sensation
Motor Function
Manual dexterity
AT: Screen Readers, Magnification, ALD, Large Button, Track Ball, Voice Activation, Voice Activated Computing/AAC
Alternative visual of the same information as previous slide

12. Case Example Area of deficit:
Difficulty matching auditory sound with the written symbol. Mispronounced, added or deleted sounds.
Deficit in speed of visual processing of language stimuli.
Impact:
Significantly poor spelling, grammar and punctuation, which leads to difficulty with written language.
Deficits in reading decoding and encoding

13. What Areas Need Assistance?
Reading/Writing:
Auditory output is needed for spell check, grammar facilitation, punctuation guidance and processing speed.
Auditory input is needed for written work.

14. The Case Example Areas of breakdown in the Hierarchy of Experience
Conceptualization
His ability to write and decode written language is not commensurate to his cognitive capability, therefore a significant discrepancy is demonstrated.
Symbolization
A complete comprehensive frame of reference is missing. He does not remember the sequence of letters, syllables, and numbers.
Imagery or Memory
Break down occurs in how the individual perceives visual and auditory stimuli. Reading decoding and Written language is affected because he has difficulty matching auditory sound with the written symbol.
Perception
Sensation
Johnson, D.J. & Myklebust, H.R. Learning Disabilities, Grune & Stratton, New York, 1967

15. A.T. Match: A Reading and Voice Activation System
A reading system would provide the benefits of a dictionary, text-to-speech, word pronunciation, syllable breakdown, and visual guidance for reading.
Processing speed should be improved with the visual and auditory combination of stimuli provided by a reading system.
Voice activated computing would provide the option of auditory input without the limitation of his encoding deficits.

16. But… What skills are needed to use the A.T.?
Strong memory skills to acquire the knowledge of how to navigate a reading and voice activation system.
Good visual processing skills in order to understand what is being seen as he navigates a computer screen.

17. AT Match Justification
Therefore, a reading system that provides auditory feedback with the functionality of spelling, dictionary, pronunciation assistance and highlighting to help his visual tracking skills would be a good match.
Using voice activated computing provides an input method which does not rely on perception and symbolization skills.