1. Automatic generation of UW Dictionary through WordNetBy
Nitin Verma
Under the guidance of
Prof. Pushpak Bhattacharya
Department of Computer Science and Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology
Bombay
June 1, 2002

2. Outline of the talk Introduction
Universal Word Dictionary and its use in Machine Translation
WordNet
Synsets(basic building blocks of WordNet).
Relations in the WordNet.
Extraction of semantic attributes through WordNet.
Conclusion.

3. Introduction Importance of Universal Word Dictionary
Used by both “enconverter” and “deconverter” software's of the UNL.
Problem with its construction
Requires tremendous manual efforts.
Takes a large amount of time.
Automatic generation of UW-Dictionary through WordNet.

4. Universal Word Dictionary
Plays an important role at the time of Machine Translation.
It contains the mapping between Head words and their corresponding Universal Words.
The Format of a UW-Dictionary entry
[HW] “UW(restriction)”(ATTR1, ATTR2,…)<FLG,FRE,PRI>

5. Extraction of Semantic attributes through WordNet
Machine
Mango
……….
WordNet
Attribute Generator
[machine]{}"machine(icl>solid{>matter})"(N, INANI, OBJCT, ARTFCT)
[machine]{}"machine(icl>organization{>group})"(N, INANI, GRP)
[machine]{}"machine(icl>living thing{,icl>volitional thing})"(N, ANIMT, FAUNA, MML, PRSN)
[machine]{}"machine(icl > --)"(V, VOA-CRTE)
…………………..
[mango]{}"mango(icl>plant{>living thing})"(N, ANIMT, FLORA, TREE)
[mango]{}"mango(icl>matter{>concrete thing})"(N, INANI, OBJCT, EDBL, STE, PHSCL, SLD)

6. Extraction of Semantic attributes through WordNet(cont’d)
For generating every attribute there is a rule.
Most of the noun and verb attributes can be generated by using hypernymy relation of the WordNet.
Attributes for adjectives and adverbs can be generated by using Synonymy relation.

7. Algorithm for generating noun Attributes
In WordNet animate is represented by {organism, being, living thing}
If a word belongs to the category of “organism” then we can generate ANIMT attribute for it else we generate INANI.
For example:
teak, teakwood
=> wood
=> material, stuff
=> substance, matter
=> object, physical object
=> entity

8. Algorithm for generating noun Attributes (cont’d)
teak, Tectona grandis
=> tree
=> woody plant, ligneous plant
=> plant, flora
=> organism, being, living thing
=> entity

9. Extraction of Semantic attributes attributes(cont’d)
An alternative for generating verb attributes.
All the verbs related to change category are stored in verb.change lexical file, so lexical filenames can be a clue for generating verbs attributes
A list of lexical filenames is shown below:
verb.change
Verb.cognition
Verb.comm
Verb.competition
Verb.consumption
Verb.contact
Verb.creation
Verb.emotion
Verb.motion
Verb.perception
Verb.possession
Verb.social
Verb.stative
Verb.weather

10. References
[1] W. John Hutchins and Harold L. Somers, An introduction to Machine Translation, Academic press 1992.
[2] Miller, G.A. Nouns in WordNet: A lexical inheritance system. Available at URL:
[3] Fellbaum, C., Gross, D., Miller, K. Adjectives in WordNet. Available at URL:
[4] Fellbaum, C., English verbs as Semantic Net. Available at URL:
[5] Miller, G. A., BeckWith, R., Fellbaum, C., Gross, D., Miller, K. Five papers on WordNet