1. Operating Systems & System Software
Prin of Information Technology

3. Operating System
An operating system (OS) is a set of programs containing instructions that work together to coordinate all the activities among computer hardware resources
Start and shut down a computer
Provide a user interface
Manage programs
Manage memory
Coordinate tasks
Configure devices
Establish an Internet Connection
Monitor performance
Provide utilities
Automatic Updates
Control a network
Administer Security

4. Operating System The control center of your computer Makes sure
files are stored properly on storage devices
software programs run properly
Instructions to peripherals are sent
Without your OS, your computer would not be able to perform even basic tasks

5. Operating System Functions
With a command-line interface, a user uses the keyboard to enter data and instructions

6. System software Utility Programs
System software consists of the programs that control or maintain the operations of the computer and its devices
Utility Programs

7. Operating System Functions
A user interface controls how you enter data and instructions and how information is displayed on the screen
With a graphical user interface (GUI), you interact with menus and visual images

8. Operating System Functions
The operating system determines the order in which tasks are processed

9. Operating System Functions
Operating Systems allow hardware and software to “talk” to each other. This is possible through the use of drivers.
Plug and Play automatically configures new devices as you install them
Many USB devices are “Plug and Play” (PnP) devices

10. Operating System Functions
Operating systems typically provide a means to establish Internet connections

11. Operating System Functions
Automatic update automatically provides updates to the program

12. Operating System Functions
Some operating systems are designed to work with a server on a network
A server operating system organizes and coordinates how multiple users access and share resources on a network
A network administrator uses the server operating system to:
Add and remove users, computers, and other devices
Install software and administer network security

13. Operating System Functions
Each user has a user account
A user name, or user ID, identifies a specific user
A password is a private combination of characters associated with the user name

14. Operating System Functions
Operating systems often provide users with the capability of:
Manage files
Search for files
Viewing images
Securing a computer
Uninstalling programs
Cleaning up disks
Defragmenting disks
Diagnosing problems
Backing up files and disks
Setting up screen savers

15. Types of Operating Systems

16. Stand-Alone Operating Systems
Windows 7 is Microsoft’s fastest, most efficient operating system to date and is available in multiple editions:

17. Stand-Alone Operating System
The Macintosh operating system has set the standard for operating system ease of use
Latest version is Mac OS X

18. Stand-Alone Operating Systems

19. Server Operating Systems
Windows Server 2008
UNIX
Inux
Solaris

20. Embedded Operating Systems
An embedded operating system resides on a ROM chip on a mobile device or consumer electronic device
Windows Embedded CE
Windows Phone 7
Palm OS
iPhone OS
Blackberry
Google Android
Embedded Linux
Symbian OS

21. How Are Operating Systems Created?
Programming languages provide instructions to operating systems.
There are many different types of programming languages that computer programmers use to create software and operating systems.

22. Utility Programs
A utility program is a type of system software that allows a user to perform maintenance-type tasks

23. Utility Programs
A file manager is a utility that performs functions related to file management
Displaying a list of files
Organizing files in folders
Copying, renaming, deleting, moving, and sorting files and folders
Creating shortcuts

24. Utility Programs
A search utility is a program that attempts to locate a file on your computer based on criteria you specify

25. Utility Programs
An uninstaller removes a program, as well as any associated entries in the system files
An image viewer allows users to display, copy, and print the contents of a graphics file

26. Utility Programs
A disk cleanup utility searches for and removes unnecessary files
Downloaded program files
Temporary Internet files
Deleted files
Unused program files

27. Fragmentation
As you add, move, & delete files on the computer, parts of the files end up saved in different areas of the hard drive.
File fragmentation occurs when a file is broken into pieces that are saved in different places on the hard drive.
File fragmentation reduces disk efficiency because the read/write head must travel longer distances to retrieve parts of a file together

28. Utility Programs
A disk defragmenter can gather all the file pieces and place them together, making your hard drive work faster & better
Defragmenting

29. Utility Programs
A backup utility allows users to copy files to another storage medium
A restore utility reverses the process and returns backed up files to their original form

30. Utility Programs
A screen saver causes a display device’s screen to show a moving image or blank screen if no activity occurs for a specified time
A personal firewall detects and protects a personal computer from unauthorized intrusions

31. Utility Programs
An antivirus program protects a computer against viruses.

32. Utility Programs
Disc burning software writes text, graphics, audio, and video files on a recordable or rewritable optical disc

33. Utility Programs
A personal computer maintenance utility identifies and fixes operating system problems, detects and repairs disk problems, and includes the capability of improving a computer’s performance

34. Utility Programs
A media player allows you to view images and animation, listen to audio, and watch video files on your computer

35. Utility Programs
A file compression utility shrinks the size of a file(s)Compressing files frees up room on the storage media
Compressed files sometimes are called zipped files
Can be uncompressed

36. Windows 7 Desktop
Use your textbook or GCFLearnFree.org to learn more about the features of the Windows 7.

37. Graphical User Interface5.
GUI:
Graphical User Interface
Helps user navigate & access programs
10.
task Bar: Includes the Start Menu and the Clock 9.
Start Menu: Contains basic operations such as run, shut down, log off and find 8.
recycle bin:
Where you put things you no longer want 6.
Title Bar:
Contains title and buttons to close, minimize and resize 2.
Icon:
A small picture that links to a file or program 4.
Window
Programs and applications that can be opened, closed or resized 3.
Explorer Bar:
Contains icons or options that allow you to perform specific tasks 7.
Scroll Bar:
Allows you to see all of the information in a window

38. Windows Menus
pull-down menu
Pop-up menu (right-click)

39. My Computer
Shortcut to the computer system & its drives.

40. Icons
Graphic symbols that represent a program, document, or hardware. 1

41. Windows Help & Support
Click the Start button on the taskbar, and then click on Help and Support
Windows Help and Support
Click on Help and Support to open the Windows Help and Support window. Click on Browse Help Topics

42. Thank you for viewing
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- Nisha