1. Applicability of Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Assessment of Fetal Urinary Tract Malformations 
Tatiana Mendonça Fazecas, MD, Edward Araujo Júnior, PhD, Heron Werner, PhD, Pedro Daltro, PhD, Alberto Borges Peixoto, MD, Glaucia Macedo Lima, PhD, Adauto Dutra Barbosa, PhD 
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal 
Volume 70, Issue 1, Pages (February 2019)
DOI: /j.carj
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2. Figure 1
Fetus at 32 weeks' gestation. (A, B) Ultrasound showing small kidneys for gestational age and anhydramnios (arrows). (C–E) T2-weighted MRI images confirming these findings, also showing hypointense signal of the lung parenchyma compatible with hypoplasia (arrows).
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3. Figure 2
Fetus at 20 weeks' gestation with bilateral renal agenesis. (A) Ultrasound showing anhydramnios with not exhibiting of renal images (arrows). (B) Coronal ultrasound view with power Doppler not identifying the renal arteries (arrow). (C, D) T2-weighted MRI images confirming anhydramnios and absence of the bladder and kidneys (arrows). In addition, note the significant volumetric reduction of the lungs, which show reduced signal characterizing hypoplasia. (E–G) Facies typical of Potter's syndrome and confirmation of bilateral renal agenesis in autopsy. This figure is available in colour online at
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4. Figure 3
Male fetus at 20 weeks' gestation with posterior urethral valve. (A, C, E) Ultrasound shows significant bilateral hydroureteronephrosis associated with severe bladder and urethra dilation (arrows). In addition, note acute ascites and diffuse bilateral cortical thinning. (B, D, F) T2-weighted MRI images showing dilatation of the entire urinary tract and posterior urethra (arrows). This figure is available in colour online at
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal  , 83-95DOI: ( /j.carj )
Copyright © 2018 Canadian Association of Radiologists Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Fetus at 35 weeks' gestation with left renal agenesis. (A, B) Ultrasound showing absence of kidney in left renal fossa as well as lack of renal artery on this side (arrows). (C, D) T2-weighted MRI images confirming renal agenesis and showing vicariant right kidney (arrows). Images of renal ectopy were not identified. This figure is available in colour online at
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal  , 83-95DOI: ( /j.carj )
Copyright © 2018 Canadian Association of Radiologists Terms and Conditions

6. Figure 5
(A, B) Ultrasound showing 2 renal arteries, note bilateral renal ectopy associated with anomaly of rotation and apparent fusion of kidney cortex (arrows). (C, D) T2-weighted axial MRI images of a female fetus showing anomaly of rotation and kidney placement with fusion of the lower poles characteristic of horseshoe kidney (arrows). This figure is available in colour online at
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal  , 83-95DOI: ( /j.carj )
Copyright © 2018 Canadian Association of Radiologists Terms and Conditions

7. Figure 6
(A, B) T2-weighted coronal MRI images showing duplication of the bilateral collector system. On the right, accentuated expansion of the upper collector system associated with ureteral dilatation ending in ureterocele. On the left, note the dilation of the lower collector system, probably secondary to vesicoureteral reflux (arrows). (C, D) Note the correlation with the obstetric ultrasound images (arrows). This figure is available in colour online at
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal  , 83-95DOI: ( /j.carj )
Copyright © 2018 Canadian Association of Radiologists Terms and Conditions

8. Figure 7
(A, B) Female fetus at 23 weeks' gestation. Prenatal ultrasound images showed substantial increase in kidney size associated with anhydramnios (arrows). (C, E) T2-weighted MRI images. Note the significant increase in the size and intensity of kidney sign with a loss of the cortical-medullar relationship, in addition to sharp decrease in the lung volume and signal strength characteristic of hypoplasia (arrows). (D) Autopsy confirmed the diagnosis of autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease (arrows). This figure is available in colour online at
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9. Figure 8
(A, B) Images of the newborn with autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease in the first few hours of life. Significant respiratory distress required mechanical ventilation. (C) Chest X-ray showing bilateral pneumothorax (arrows). (D) X-ray of the abdomen showing a decrease in intestinal loops on the sides due to increased renal volume (arrows). The intestinal loops were seen to be medially compressed.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal  , 83-95DOI: ( /j.carj )
Copyright © 2018 Canadian Association of Radiologists Terms and Conditions

10. Figure 9
Female fetus at 29 weeks' gestation with bilateral stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction. (A, B) T2-weighted MRI images (arrows). (C) 50-mm slab T image shows significant bilateral pyelocalyceal dilation (arrows). Ureteral dilatation is not visible, suggesting stenosis of the ureteropelvic junction stenosis.
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal  , 83-95DOI: ( /j.carj )
Copyright © 2018 Canadian Association of Radiologists Terms and Conditions

11. Figure 10
Male fetus at 31 weeks' gestation. (A, B) T2-weighted MRI images show multicystic dysplastic kidney, characterized by voluminous expansive formation composed of multiple nonconnected cysts (arrows). (C) Note the similarity of the image with the anatomical image. This figure is available in colour online at
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal  , 83-95DOI: ( /j.carj )
Copyright © 2018 Canadian Association of Radiologists Terms and Conditions

12. Figure 11
Bilateral hydronephrosis without any signs of bladder obstruction. Female fetus at 30 weeks' gestation. (A, B) T2-weighted MRI images showing accentuated bilateral hydronephrosis (arrows). (C) 50-mm T slab coronal image showing the ureters and an elongated bladder (arrows). (D) 3-D TRUFI image showing bilateral hydroureteronephrosis (arrows). This figure is available in colour online at
Canadian Association of Radiologists Journal  , 83-95DOI: ( /j.carj )
Copyright © 2018 Canadian Association of Radiologists Terms and Conditions