1. Long-Term Mortality Effect of Early Pacemaker Implantation After Surgical Aortic Valve Replacement 
Kevin L. Greason, MD, Brian D. Lahr, MS, John M. Stulak, MD, Yong-Mei Cha, MD, Robert F. Rea, MD, Hartzell V. Schaff, MD, Joseph A. Dearani, MD 
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery 
Volume 104, Issue 4, Pages (October 2017)
DOI: /j.athoracsur
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions

2. Fig 1
Unadjusted (top) and adjusted (bottom) mortality curves, stratified by pacemaker implantation. Error bars displayed at select follow-up times represent 95% confidence limits of survival estimates. To enable comparison of unadjusted and adjusted curves on the same set of patients, mortality rates were plotted on the subset of 4,846 patients who were alive at day 30 and had complete data for model covariates listed in Table 2. Unadjusted mortality curves for groups with and without 30-day pacemaker implantation are based on Kaplan-Meier product limit estimator. Adjusted mortality curves are based on Kalbfleisch-Prentice estimates from a Cox proportional hazards model stratified by pacemaker implantation group and adjusted for baseline covariates at their mean levels. Pacemaker implantation within 30 days was associated with increased mortality rates before and after covariate adjustment (p < for each) (PPM = permanent pacemaker.)
The Annals of Thoracic Surgery  , DOI: ( /j.athoracsur )
Copyright © 2017 The Society of Thoracic Surgeons Terms and Conditions