1. Chapter 7
Marine Fish

2. Phylum: Chordata
Animals with a brain & spinal cord

3. Subphylum: Vertebrata
Animals with a backbone or endoskeleton

5. Jawless Fish
Class: Agnatha

6. Characteristics
Jawless, sucking mouth, cylindrical, gill slits, meaty fins, cartilaginous, no air

8. Examples
Lamprey Eel
Hagfish

9. Cartilaginous Fish
Class: Chondrichthyes

10. Characteristics
Cartilaginous, gill slits, ventral mouth, meaty fins, no air, pointed scales

15. Bony Fish
Class: Osteichthyes

16. Characteristics
True bones, gill cover, terminal mouth, membranous fins, air sac, rounded scales

18. Operculum
Gill cover in bony fish

19. Caudal Fin: Tail fin Dorsal Fin: Back fin Pectoral Fin: Side fin Pelvic Fin: Bottom fin

20. Fish Shape
Activity dependent

22. Mouth Shape
Diet dependent

24. Chromatophores
Color pigment found in specialized cells in the skin of fish

25. Iridophores
Crystal acting like tiny mirrors in the skin of fish making them look iridescent

26. Countershading
Color pattern found in almost all fish where they are dark on the top & light on the bottom

27. Types of Coloration Cryptic: camouflage Warning: signals poison
Disruptive: breaks silhouette

28. Myomeres
Swimming muscles in fish

30. Locomotion: Bony Can hover Can swim backwards Can turn on a dime
Can rise & fall

31. Locomotion: Cart. Cannot hover Cannot swim backwards
Cannot turn on a dime
Cannot rise & fall

32. Respiration in Fish
Oxygen is exchanged by diffusion of dissolved oxygen gas into the gills

33. Gill Parts
Gill Arch
Gill Raker
Gill Filament
Lamella

34. Gill Arch
Cartilaginous structure that supports the gills

35. Gill Rakers
Forward protrusions that protect the gills

36. Gill Filaments
Fleshy backward projections containing the working part of the gills

38. Lamellae
Many rows of thin plates (increasing the surface area) where the diffusion takes place

39. Bony Gill Irrigation Can irrigate gills w/o moving
Draw water through mouth
Has operculum

41. Cart. Gill Irrigation Must swim to irrigate gills
Draw water through spiracle or mouth
Has gill slits

42. Bony Salt Regulation Osmoregulator Internal salinity = 14 %o
Loses water through skin
Drinks lots of water

44. Cart. Salt Regulation Osmoconformer Internal salinity = 35 %o
Gains water through skin
Need not drink water

45. Lateral Line
Line of sense organs down each side of fish that detects vibrations

47. Ampullae of Lorenzini
Sense organ behind the head of cartilaginous fish that detect electric fields

48. Fish Behavior
Territoriality
Schooling
Migrating

49. Territoriality Protecting territory Pelagic Fish: not much
Benthic Fish: are territorial

50. Schooling
Traveling in large groups
Protection
Increased efficiency

52. Migrating Seasonally moving from place to place Warm mating grounds
Cold feeding grounds

53. Anadromous
Mating in fresh water and living in sea water
Salmon

54. Catadromous
Mating in sea water and living in fresh water
American eel

55. Vertical Migration
Migrating during the day to the mesopelagic zone for safety & back to the surface at night to feed

56. Reproductive Behavior

57. Spawning
External fertilization
Bony fish

58. Hermaphrodites
Able to fertilize their own eggs

59. Oviparous
Lays eggs

60. Viviparous
Live birth

61. Ovoviviparous
Lays eggs, but still has live birth

62. Copulation
Internal fertilization
Sharks & Rays