1. 12/17 Learning Target
I can explain how the Industrial Age changed life during Reconstruction

2. CNN Student News

3. → Industry grows → Labor force grows → A need for reform/unions arises
A New Industrial Age
→ Industry grows
→ Labor force grows
→ A need for reform/unions arises
The expansion of industry leads to the growth of business and labor forces, which prompts labor unions to form to create better lives for workers.

4. Essential Question
Industrialization increased the standard of living and the opportunities of most Americans, but at what cost?

5. Causes of Rapid Industrialization
A wealth of natural resources.
Government support for bussiness.
A growing urban population.
The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:
First big business in the US.
A magnet for financial investment.
The key to opening the West.

6. Abundant Resource Fuel Growth
Oil Discoveries
Coal
Bessemer Steel Process – Improved processing of ore
Originated in England – Industrial rev. started there
Allowed for more railroads
bigger buildings, bridges
Inventions

7. 4) Bessemer Process Developed by Henry Bessemer around 1850.
Inject air into molten iron, removes carbon, result is steel.
By 1880 U.S. led world 90% made in U.S.

8. Inventions
Thomas Edison – research lab at Menlo Park creates advances in electricity, lighting
Christopher Sholes
typewriter
Alexander Graham Bell
telephone
* Inventions like these
open up the workplace
to women. By 1910, 40% of clerical positions are held by women.

9. 6) Railroads
Important for expansion to the west and nation became more united.
1st transcontinental railroad completed on May 10, 1869 in Promontory, UT.
1861—30,000 miles of track
1890—180,000 miles of track
Created time zones—adopted by railroads in 1883, U.S. Congress in 1918.

10. Railroad Boom

11. Andrew Carnegie
“From Broke to Baller “ – Carnegie’s rags to riches story – read about Carnegie on p. 447

12. 8) Horizontal and Vertical Integration
Go to page 448 and read New Business Strategies and answer number 8
Vertical—control all raw materials and supply lines for production of a product.
How did this lower costs?
Horizontal—buy up competition.

13. Vertical and Horizontal Integration

14. “On Wealth” Made his money on steel.
Preached the “Gospel of Wealth” (1901).
Inequality is inevitable and good.
Wealthy should act as “trustees” for their “poorer brethren.”
Andrew Carnegie

15. Social Darwinism and Rockefeller
Philosophy that riches are a sign of God’s favor, therefore, the poor must be lazy and inferior.
John D. Rockefeller
Controlled Standard Oil
Bought out all his competitors
Jay-Z calls himself Rockefeller
Why?

16. Philanthropy Many of these newly rich gave millions to charities
Carnegie – he donated 90% of his wealth!
Libraries, art
“Knowledge and Understanding” purposes
Rockefeller Foundation
$500 million to University of Chicago, hospitals, and research (helped cure yellow fever)

17. Problems Sherman Anti Trust Act
Industrial Growth and Wealth Concentrated
Bypassed the south
Few wealthy are VERY powerful
Child Labor booms
Unions form to protect works, but tension is created

18. Labor Unions
Samuel Gompers leads the Cigar Makers union to join others and creates the American Federation of Labor (AFL)
Other large unions are formed
Fighting for better pay
Shorter hours
A day or two off once in awhile ☺
Woman begin to organize as well
Mary Harris Jones aka Mother Jones

20. Resistance and Violence
Homestead – Pennsylvania
Haymarket – Chicago
Great Strike of 1877

21. Industrial Revolution Video