1. Jenney’s First Year Latin Lesson 40
Vocabulary List 40
Reflexives
Reflexive Pronouns
Reflexive Possessive Adjectives
Dative of Reference
Dative of Purpose
Double Dative

2. Vocabulary List 40

3. arbor, arboris, f.
tree

4. collis, collis, m.
hill

5. cupiditās, cupiditātis, f.
desire, greed

6. glōria, glōriae, f.
glory, fame

7. līberī, līberōrum, m. pl.
children

8. lūna, lūnae, f.
moon

9. mora, morae, f.
delay

10. business, task; trouble
negōtium, negōtī, n.
business, task; trouble

11. senātor, senātōris, m.
senator

12. sōl, sōlis, m.
sun

13. stella, stellae, f.
star

14. turris, turris, f.
tower
(acc. sg. = turrim)

15. ventus, ventī, m.
wind

16. suus, sua, suum (reflex. poss. adj.)
his, her, its, their

17. suī, sibi, sē, sē (reflex. pron.)
himself, herself, itself, themselves

18. to retreat (lit.: to take oneself back)
sē recipere (idiom)
to retreat
(lit.: to take oneself back)

19. sōlis occāsus (idiom)
sunset; west

20. Reflexives

21. Reflexives
reflexives are words that turn back (< re- ‘back’ + flectō, flectere ‘turn’) to the subject of the sentence or clause they are in
in Latin, like in English, there are reflexive pronouns and reflexive adjectives

22. Reflexive Pronouns
a reflexive pronoun refers back to the subject of the sentence or clause in which it appears
N.B.!! in indirect statement, reflexives refer back to the subject of the head verb
there are no nominative forms for reflexive pronouns
all three persons have a reflexive pronoun:
1st Person: ‘myself’/‘ourselves’ (same as personal pronoun)
2nd Person: ‘yourself’/‘yourselves’ (same as personal pronoun)
3rd person: ‘himself, herself, itself’/‘themselves’ (more on forms later)

23. Reflexive Pronouns – 1st Person
the 1st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

24. Reflexive Pronouns – 1st Person
the 1st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
meī (of myself)
nostrum (of ourselves)
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

25. Reflexive Pronouns – 1st Person
the 1st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
meī (of myself)
nostrum (of ourselves)
Dat.
mihi (to/for myself)
nobīs (to/for ourselves)
Acc.
Abl.

26. Reflexive Pronouns – 1st Person
the 1st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
meī (of myself)
nostrum (of ourselves)
Dat.
mihi (to/for myself)
nobīs (to/for ourselves)
Acc.
mē (myself)
nōs (ourselves)
Abl.

27. Reflexive Pronouns – 1st Person
the 1st person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
meī (of myself)
nostrum (of ourselves)
Dat.
mihi (to/for myself)
nobīs (to/for ourselves)
Acc.
mē (myself)
nōs (ourselves)
Abl.
mē (b/w/f myself)
nobīs (b/w/f ourselves)

28. Reflexive Pronouns – 2nd Person
the 2nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

29. Reflexive Pronouns – 2nd Person
the 2nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
tuī (of yourself)
vestrum (of yourselves)
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

30. Reflexive Pronouns – 2nd Person
the 2nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
tuī (of yourself)
vestrum (of yourselves)
Dat.
tibi (to/for yourself)
vobīs (to/for yourselves)
Acc.
Abl.

31. Reflexive Pronouns – 2nd Person
the 2nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
tuī (of yourself)
vestrum (of yourselves)
Dat.
tibi (to/for yourself)
vobīs (to/for yourselves)
Acc.
tē (yourself)
vōs (yourselves)
Abl.

32. Reflexive Pronouns – 2nd Person
the 2nd person reflexive pronouns are the same as the personal pronouns–BUT, there is NO nominative case SG PL
Gen.
tuī (of yourself)
vestrum (of yourselves)
Dat.
tibi (to/for yourself)
vobīs (to/for yourselves)
Acc.
tē (yourself)
vōs (yourselves)
Abl.
tē (b/w/f yourself)
vobīs (b/w/f yourself)

33. Reflexive Pronouns – 3rd Person
the 3rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms
like 1st & 2nd person, this has no nominative forms SG PL
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

34. Reflexive Pronouns – 3rd Person
the 3rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms
like 1st & 2nd person, this has no nominative forms SG PL
Gen.
suī
(of him-, her-, itself)
(of themselves)
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.

35. Reflexive Pronouns – 3rd Person
the 3rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms
like 1st & 2nd person, this has no nominative forms SG PL
Gen.
suī
(of him-, her-, itself)
(of themselves)
Dat.
sibi
(to/for him-, her-, itself)
(to/for themselves)
Acc.
Abl.

36. Reflexive Pronouns – 3rd Person
the 3rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms
like 1st & 2nd person, this has no nominative forms SG PL
Gen.
suī
(of him-, her-, itself)
(of themselves)
Dat.
sibi
(to/for him-, her-, itself)
(to/for themselves)
Acc.
sē (or sēsē)
(him-, her-, itself)
(themselves)
Abl.

37. Reflexive Pronouns – 3rd Person
the 3rd person reflexive pronoun has only four forms
like 1st & 2nd person, this has no nominative forms SG PL
Gen.
suī
(of him-, her-, itself)
(of themselves)
Dat.
sibi
(to/for him-, her-, itself)
(to/for themselves)
Acc.
sē (or sēsē)
(him-, her-, itself)
(themselves)
Abl.
(b/w/f him-, her-, itself)
(b/w/f themselves)

38. Reflexive Pronouns – 3rd PersonSG PL
Gen.
suī
(of him-, her-, itself)
(of themselves)
Dat.
sibi
(to/for him-, her-, itself)
(to/for themselves)
Acc.
sē (or sēsē)
(him-, her-, itself)
(themselves)
Abl.
(b/w/f him-, her-, itself)
(b/w/f themselves)
Notice:
the 3rd person reflex. stands for all genders–you must determine how to translate by looking at the subject of the sentence/clause
when used w/ abl. of accomp., cum attaches (i.e. sēcum, cum sē)

39. Translating Reflexive Pronouns
Mē videō.
I see myself.
Vōsne auditis?
Do you hear yourselves?
Poēta sē vulnerāvit.
The poet wounded himself.
Fēmina sē vulnerāvit.
The woman wounded herself.
Liberī sē vulnerāvērunt.
The children wounded themselves.

40. Reflexives in Indirect Statement
in an indirect statement, the reflexive sē, in all its forms, refers back to the subject of the head verb:
Caesar dīxit sē Helvētiōs victūrum esse.
Caesar said that he (Caesar) would defeat the Helvetians.
Rēgīna putat sē laudārī dēbēre.
The queen thinks that she (the queen) ought to be praised.
Hostēs intellegunt sē mox nostrōs interfectūrōs esse.
The enemies understand that they (the enemies) will soon kill our men.

41. The Reflexive Possessive Adjective
the reflexive possessive adjective is suus, sua, suum [‘his, her, its, their (own)’]
this must refer to the _____ of the subject of the sentence (hence the ‘own’ in the definition)
if you are talking about someone else’s ____, you use the genitive forms of is, ea, id (eius, eōrum, eārum)
declines like a regular adjective

42. The Reflexive Possessive Adjective
like all other adjectives, it must agree in gender, number, and case with the noun it modifies…
BUT!!!!!!
the translation depends on the subject of the sentence or clause

43. Reflexive Possessive Adjective Translations
Puella suam matrem amat.
The girl loves her (own) mother.
Puer suam matrem amat.
The boy loves his (own) mother.
Liberī suam matrem amant.
The children love their (own) mother.
Note that in all these examples, the reflexive stays the same because it’s modifying matrem (and thus must agree in GNC), but the translation changes because it depends on the subject!

44. Reflexive Adjectives vs. 3rd Person Pronouns
Marcus suam matrem carissimē amat.
Marcus loves his (own) mother very dearly.
Marcus eius matrem carissimē amat.
Marcus loves his (someone else’s) mother very dearly.
Poētae suōs librōs legere amant.
The poets love to read their (own) books.
Poētae eōrum librōs legere amant.
The poets love to read their (some other people’s) books.
Note that if you are referring to someone besides the subject, you must use the 3rd person pronoun, not the reflexive adj.!

45. Dative of Reference

46. Dative of Reference Perīculum maris nautae verum est.
the dat. case is used to show to whose advantage or disadvantage the action of a verb is performed
this is sometimes more specifically referred to as the “dat. of advantage” or “dat. of disadvantage,” depending on context
Perīculum maris nautae verum est.
The danger of the sea is real (with reference) to the sailor.
Poēta carmina puellīs puerīsque cantat.
The poet is singing songs for the boys and girls. (i.e. to the advantage of the boys and girls)
Moram agricolae fēcistī.
You made a delay for the farmer (i.e. to the disadvantage of the farmer).

47. Dative of Purpose

48. Dative of Purpose
the dat. case is sometimes used to express the idea of purpose
the following words are commonly used as datives of purpose:
auxiliō: for an aid
cūrae: for a care/worry
impedīmentō: for a hindrance
praesidiō: for a guard, protection
subsidiō: for a support
ūsuī: for an advantage
the dat. of purpose is most commonly used in a construction called the “double dative”

49. Double Dative

50. Double Dative
when used together, a dative of purpose and a dative of reference form a construction called the double dative
Duās legiōnēs praesidiō oppidō relīquit.
He left two legions for (the purpose of) a guard to the town.
Equitēs Caesarī auxiliō erant.
The cavalry were for (the purpose of) an aid to Caesar.