1. Water H H O

2. Water is Important Because…
Its high specific heat helps regulate body temps
Its ability as a solvent help dissolve ionic and polar substances so organisms can obtain nutrients
Help organisms maintain homeostasis

4. Water Basics + +
Polar: part of a molecule is slightly positive, while another part is slightly negative
Oxygen “hogs” electrons from hydrogen
8 protons: 10 electrons
Negative charge
Hydrogen without electrons
1 proton: 0 electrons
Positive charge
Creates hydrogen bonds where one water sticks to another 1 1 1 1 1 2 6 1 5 2 3 4 -

5. Red = Oxygen (negative) White = Hydrogen (positive)- - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + - - - - - - - - - + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + + +

6. Water Properties High specific heat: Resists temp changes
Much energy needed to break water bonds
Helps to maintain a constant body temp
Cohesion: polar water molecules attracted to other polar water molecules
Adhesion: polar water sticks to other molecules
7ml
6.8ml
Why can this insect walk on water?
It is not heavy enough to break the bonds that hold the water molecules together.

7. pH Scale pH scale measures the amount of H+ ions in a solution
Acid
Base
More H+
Few H+
neutral
Few OH-
More OH-
Lemons
Soft drink
Milk
Blood
Baking soda
Ammonia
pH scale measures the amount of H+ ions in a solution
1 minute: Discuss with your neighbor:
Which base has the most H+ ions?
Which substance has the fewest H+ ions?
Which is the strongest acid?
blood
Ammonia
Lemons

8. Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids
Building Blocks (monomers)
• monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, ribose, etc.)
• glycerol • fatty acids
• amino acids (20 different amino acids)
• nucleotides (adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine, uracil)
Function(s) in cells
• energy storage • structural support   (plant cell walls)
• energy storage • insulation • protective covering • lubrication
• muscle contraction • oxygen transport • immune responses • chemical reactions
• information storage
Elements Present
• carbon • hydrogen • oxygen
• carbon • hydrogen • oxygen • nitrogen • sulfur (some)
• carbon • hydrogen • oxygen • nitrogen • phosphorus
Water Soluble
• yes
• no
• many
Examples
• sugars • starches (glycogen & cellulose)
• fats • oils • waxes
• enzymes • hemoglobin • muscle fibers
• RNA • DNA

9. Name That Organic Molecule

10. Name That Organic Molecule

11. Name That Organic Molecule

12. Name That Organic Molecule

13. Name That Organic Molecule

14. Name That Organic Molecule

15. Name That Organic Molecule

16. Name That Organic Molecule

17. Name That Organic Molecule

18. Name That Organic Molecule

19. Name That Organic Molecule

20. Carbon

21. Covalent bond

22. Carbon double bond

23. Carbon (and nitrogen) triple bond

24. Carbon Chains
Branched chain

25. Carbon rings

26. Carbon variety

27. Monomer and Polymer

28. Monomers are like legos…
You can put them together in whatever way you dream up!

29. Condensation reaction

30. Carbohydrate
One saccharide, the monomer of a carbohydrate

31. Carbohydrate polymers

32. Cellulose

33. Glycogen use and storage

34. Lipids

35. Cell membrane phospholipids

36. Protein

37. Nucelic acid

38. Catalyst
Speeds up chemical reactions

39. Enzyme

40. pH

41. Temperature

42. Concentration

43. Nucleus

44. Ribosome

45. Ribosomes role
on ribosome

46. RER and Vesicles

47. Golgi incoming and outgoing

48. Rough ER and Golgi

49. Dehydration synthesis.
Two molecules join together to make a macromolecule with the removal of water. This type of reaction is called?
Glycolysis
Hydrolysis
Photosynthesis
Dehydration synthesis.

50. A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape
A scientist observed that, when the pH of the environment surrounding an enzyme is changed the rate the enzyme catalyzes a reaction greatly decreases. Which statement best describes how a change in pH can affect an enzyme?
A pH change can cause the enzyme to change its shape
A pH change can remove energy necessary to activate an enzyme
A pH change can add new molecules to the structures of the enzyme
A pH change can cause an enzyme to react with a different substrate.

51. It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium
Substance A is converted to substance B in a metabolic reaction. Which statement best describes the role of an enzyme during this reaction?
It adjusts the pH of the reaction medium
It provides energy to carry out the reaction
It dissolves substance A in the reaction medium
It speeds up the reaction without being consumed.

52. Large amounts of stored information
Carbohydrates and proteins are two types of macromolecules. Which functional characteristic of proteins distinguished them from carbohydrates?
Large amounts of stored information
Ability to catalyze biochemical reactions
Efficient storage of usable chemical energy
Tendency to make cell membranes hydrophobic