1. 6TH GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES
QPA 1 REVIEW
6TH GRADE SOCIAL STUDIES

2. Unitary
A form of govt. in which power is held by one central authority.

3. Confederation
Voluntary association of independent states that have joined together to form a coalition for specific purposes, such as trade or common defense.

4. Federal (Federation)
A form of government in which power is divided between one central and several regional authorities

5. Autocratic
A form of government in which a single person possesses unlimited political power.

6. Absolute authority/power
The leader of a country has complete rule

7. Monarch Dictator A king, queen, or emperor
a person exercising absolute power, especially a ruler who has unrestricted control in a government without hereditary succession (without being a king or queen whose power was passed down from parents)

8. Oligarchic
Government by a few; government in which a small group exercises control

9. Democracy
government by the people; a form of government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised directly by them or by their elected agents under a free electoral system.

10. Parliamentary Democracy
Citizens vote for the legislature (law-making body)
The legislature chooses the leader of the country – most often is the prime minister
The prime minister usually comes from the majority party in the legislature
The prime minister is the head of government; another position (king, queen, emperor, president) is the head of state (represent the country at ceremonies, etc.)

11. Presidential Democracy
Citizens vote for the legislature (law-making body)
Citizens also choose the president, who is both the head of government and head of state
The president is from the executive branch, and it is separate from the legislature

12. TRADITIONAL SYSTEM
People do things the way they have always been done.
Hunters,
gatherers are
in this system

13. barter
to trade by exchanging goods instead of using money.

14. COMMAND SYSTEM The government decides economic questions
Allows very little economic freedom
Government controls businesses, housing, etc.

15. MARKET SYSTEM
Private businesses produce services and products that consumers will buy.
Entrepreneurs begin new businesses
Prices and profits determine economic questions.
Businesses make products and provide services that earn a profit.
This system has highest standard of living Examples: USA; Great Britain

16. Mixed Economy
Economies that have some elements of a command system (some government control) and some elements of a market system (some private businesses)

17. Continuum
Scale that shows command economy on one end and market economy on the other; used to show that countries usually have a mixed economy; they are somewhere in between the two extremes

18. 100 Economic Systems United Kingdom 79% Germany 71% Russia 51% Pure
6th Grade- This information is meant to be used in conjunction with the 6th and 7th grade Teacher Notes. For additional resources, go to GeorgiaStandards.org. (Note: This is not an expectation for students to memorize numbers, but to understand that factors that influence specific countries to move more towards a command or market economy). The numbering system is based on The Heritage Foundation’s Economic Freedom Index 2009 The Heritage Foundation is a conservative organization that has partnered with the Wall Street Journal for over a decade to evaluate each country based on a set of 10 criteria to determine economic freedom. Update information using resources listed in the Teacher Notes.
100
Pure
Command
Pure Market
Mixed Economy

19. Capital goods
machines and tools used in the production of other goods

20. Human capital
the abilities and skills of individuals, that increase their potential income earning
Investment in human capital would include education and training

21. Natural resources Resources that occur naturally in the environment
help a country because the country can use the resources to produce goods

22. Entrepreneur
Person who invests money, time, and energy to start a new business
Often take a risk

23. Trade Barrier - Embargo
Embargo – ban or severely restrict trade; often used as economic sanction to pressure a country to do what other countries want them to do

24. Trade barrier - Quota
Quota: Limit on the amount of an imported good allowed into the country during a given period of time
Reduces the amount of imported goods available
Supply is decreased; price is increased
Raises the price of the good for the consumer

25. TRADE BARRIER - Tariff Tariff – Tax on imported goods or services
Sometimes used to raise revenue (money) for the country
Mostly used to increase the price of the imported good
Why? So more people will buy domestic goods (goods made within a country)

26. Tariff
A tax placed on imported goods
Tariff = tax

27. Embargo
A ban on imported goods
embargo = ban

28. Quota
A limit on the quantity (number) of imported goods
quota = quantity

29. products a country buys from other countries
IMPORTS
products a country buys from other countries
United States

30. products sold to other countries
Exports
products sold to other countries
United States

31. Gross domestic product GDP
Value of all goods and services produced within a country in one year

32. Ways Government Distributes Power
Unitary
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority

33. Ways Government Distributes Power
Confederation
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority

34. Ways Government Distributes Power
Federation / Federal
Ways Government Distributes Power
Regional Authority
Regional Authority
Central Authority
Regional Authority
Regional Authority

35. Citizen Participation How do autocratic, oligarchic, and democratic governments determine citizen participation?
Autocratic – NO participation from the people
Oligarchic – Limited participation from the people (selective)
Democracy – FULL participation

36. Why did the Europeans Go Exploring?
The 3 G’s…
GOLD
New trade routes opened up opportunities for wealth
Spice trade brought wealth as well
GOD
Missionaries spread Christianity
GLORY
Explorers were considered heroes; countries competed for colonies

37. Prince Henry the Navigator
Son of the Portuguese king
Sent more than 50 expeditions down the west coast of Africa
-Wanted to establish Portuguese colonies & break the Muslim hold on trade routes
Created a naval observatory (school) that taught students navigation, astronomy, & cartography

38. Major Countries of Europe
Russia
Ukraine
Spain
France
Poland
Germany
United Kingdom
Italy
Belgium
Portugal

39. Physical Features of Europe
Scandinavian Peninsula
Danube River
Alp Mountains
Pyrenees Mountains
Iberian Peninsula
English Channel
European Plain
Ural Mountains
Mediterranean Sea
Atlantic Ocean

41. Danube River

43. English Channel

45. Mediterranean Sea

47. The Pyrenees

49. Rhine River

50. X

51. European Plain

53. The Alps

55. Ural Mountains

57. Belgium

59. Scandinavian Peninsula

61. Ukraine

63. United Kingdom

65. Italy

67. Poland

69. France

71. Germany

73. Russia

75. Spain

77. Iberian Peninsula