1. Colonial Life in North America
Chapter 7
Colonial Life in North America

2. Wednesday, January 17, 2018 Homework: Worksheet page 58 (Lesson 1)
Do Now: Please have out your vocabulary, people, and places. Review individually.

3. Fighting for Florida
We have already learned that the Spanish established New Spain in 1535.
New Spain stretched from South America to Mexico, with its capital in Mexico City
By the mid 1500s, Spanish leaders decided they wanted to extend their colony into Florida
They knew about this region from the explorer Juan Ponce de Leon who traveled through this region

4. Defeating the French
Pedro Menendez de Aviles led a small fleet of warships to Florida
The French had already started building a settlement in the Florida territory
Menendez de Aviles made it his mission to find the French, defeat them, and claim Florida for Spain

5. Claiming Land
In a series of bloody battles, the Spanish defeated the French and claimed Florida.
The Spanish founded St. Augustine on the east coast of Florida
This was the first permanent settlement in what is now the US

6. New Mexico
Soon after moving into Florida, the Spanish began expanding into what is now the Southwest region of the US.
In 1598, Don Juan Onate led a small Spanish army north across the Rio Grande
The Spanish called this region New Mexico
They hoped to find silver and gold here

7. The Land The Spanish found out this area was not rich in minerals
They also found that New Mexico was too hot and dry for most kinds of farming
The open grasslands were good for sheep and cattle ranching

8. Haciendas Some wealthy ranchers built haciendas (large estates)
Haciendas were often self-sufficient communities, with vegetable gardens, workshops, and mills
To connect Mexico City with New Mexico, the Spanish built a road called El Camino Real (“The Royal Road”

9. Pueblo Revolt
In 1860, a Pueblo leader named Pope led a revolt against the Spanish in New Mexico
Pueblo people were ready to join his fight
The Spanish were enslaving the Pueblo people
Sending some to Mexico
Forcing some to work on ranches and mission in New Mexico

10. The Pueblo attacked settlements all over New Mexico
The Apache and Navajo joined in the fight
Pope and his men surrounded Santa Fe

11. Two Crosses
A Pueblo leader named Juan rode into the city carrying two crosses, one white, one red
When asked, Juan declared “If you choose the white there will be no war but you must all leave the country. If you choose the red, you must all die, for we are many and you are few”
The Spanish refused to leave, but were driven out of New Mexico

12. Read page 236
What caused Native Americans in New Mexico to lose their unity and ultimately their hold on the land?
Why did the Spanish build new settlements in the Southwest in the 1700s?

14. Monday, January 22, 2018
Write 1 paragraph, 6-8 sentences, about Robert La Salle's exploration of the Mississippi River Valley. Use his viewpoint and describe what he sees and feels. Don't forget to use the map on page 242 too!

15. Conflict Over Land Population of the colonies was growing quickly
Settlers wanted more land to build farms and towns
The only thing that made sense was to move west where Native Americans were living
Native Americans resisted English settlement

16. Land Conflict Leads to War
In New England, Metacom led Native Americans in battle against the English.
Metacom was a Wamanoag and the son of the chief, Massasoit.
The English called Metacom “King Philip”
This war became known as King Philip’s War
After a year, Metacom was killed, giving the English settlers a victory

17. Settlers Continue to Move West
During the 1700s, settlers continued to move as colonial cities, towns, and plantations grew
Because of this growth and constant need for more land, the Atlantic Coast was becoming more expensive.

18. The Backcountry
In search of land, families began moving to the backcountry
A rugged stretch of land near the Appalachian Mountains
Families:
built log cabins
Hunted
Carved small farms from the rocky soil

19. Settlers Move Even Farther West
By mid 1700s, settlers moved even farther
They had crossed the Appalachian Mountains, entering the Ohio River Valley
A region of fertile land and thick forests along the Ohio River
Other groups had already claimed this land!

20. Conflict Over Land AGAIN
Powerful Native Americans lived in the Ohio River Valley
The French claimed it was part of New France
Now What??
WAR was the only thing that could decide who would claim this territory!

21. The Ohio River Valley
France’s claim of this land was based on Robert La Salle
He claimed the Mississippi River and all its tributaries
The French began building forts
England also claimed this land
British leaders wrote a letter demanding the French leave

22. The Ohio River Valley
George Washington, a young military leader at the time, was sent to deliver the message to the French
The French refused
In March 1754, Washington led 150 soldiers west to build a British fort.
The French had already built Fort Duquesne
Washington tried to capture this fort

23. The French and Indian War
Washington never got to Fort Duquesne
In the woods near the Fort, he had defeated a group of French soldiers
After this battle, Washington returned to Fort Necessity
A fort they had begun building a few days before
On a meadow in what is now southwestern Pennsylvania

24. The French and Indian War
“We expect every hour to be attacked by a superior force. Let them come, what hour they will” (George Washington)
And they did…
In July 1754, the French attacked on a rainy day
Many of Washington’s men were killed and wounded
Washington was forced to surrender

25. The French and Indian War
Washington and his soldiers were forced to return to Virginia
In the 13 colonies, the war was known as the French and Indian War
British forces were fighting against the French and their American Indian allies

26. Gaining Allies
The British tried to make Native American allies of their own
The Iroquois did not want to help at first
Hendrick, an Iroquois leader, pointed out that the fighting could end in the destruction of the Iroquois
Again, the British forces tried to capture Fort Duquesne. They were attacked and defeated

27. The British Worried
In London, the British realized that the French had been dominating this war
They sent more soldiers to fight in North America.
The British began winning battles with the help of the Iroquois

28. Key Battle
Quebec, the capital of New France, was captured by General James Wolfe and the British army
The British officially won the French and Indian War when the treaty of Paris in 1763 was signed
Much of the land of the Native Americans were now part of the British empire

29. Pontiac’s Rebellion
The British settlers were now moving onto the land that had been won
Native Americans resisted
In 1763, Pontiac, an Ottawa leader, led his warriors to revolt
British forts and settlements were attacked in the Ohio River Valley and along the Great Lakes

30. British Leaders Were Alarmed
The British did not want to fight anymore
King George III issued the Proclamation of 1763:
The colonists were no longer allowed to settle on land west of the Appalachian Mountains

32. Newspaper article
Write an article announcing the French and Indian War including a description of causes and outcomes of attacks
Must be at least 3 paragraphs