1. Effect of hemoglobin concentration on oxyhemoglobin dissociation during hypothermic blood cardioplegic arrest 
William L. Holman, MD, Walter V.A. Vicente, MD, PhD, Russell D. Spruell, BSEE, Stanley B. Digerness, PhD, Albert D. Pacifico, MD 
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 
Volume 108, Issue 4, Pages (October 1994)
DOI: /uri:pii:S
Copyright © 1994 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

2. Fig. 1
The timing of blood samples is illustrated in this summary of the experimental protocol. CPB, Cardiopulmonary bypass; BCP, blood cardioplegia; RPF, reperfusion;CP, cardioplegia.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /uri:pii:S )
Copyright © 1994 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

3. Fig. 2
The transmyocardial gradient for dissolved oxygen (i.e., the PO 2 gradient) did not show any statistically significant differences between the two experimental groups, although there was a trend for higher PO 2 gradients for the high-hemoglobin group during cardioplegic arrest. (ΔPO 2 = Aortic root – coronary sinus PO 2). CNTL, Control; Hgb, hemoglobin.
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /uri:pii:S )
Copyright © 1994 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

4. Fig. 3
There was no discernible difference in the volume of oxygen that dissociated from hemoglobin during the ischemic intervals of cardioplegic arrest between the high- and low-hemoglobin cardioplegia groups. (AVO2 = Aortic root – Coronary sinus oxygen content.)
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /uri:pii:S )
Copyright © 1994 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

5. Fig. 4
There was an insignificant trend for higher coronary sinus hemoglobin saturations, and therefore a lower transmyocardial gradient for hemoglobin saturation, in the high hemoglobin group. (ΔHGB SATURATION = Aortic root – Coronary sinus hemoglobin saturation.)
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /uri:pii:S )
Copyright © 1994 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

6. Fig. 5
More free protons were generated (i.e., there was a greater change in pH) during cardioplegic arrest in the low-hemoglobin group than in the high-hemoglobin group. This difference was statistically significant (p < 0.05) for cardioplegia intervals 1 and 3. (ΔH+ = [–log10(10-CS pH – 10–ART pH)].)
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /uri:pii:S )
Copyright © 1994 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions

7. Fig. 6
The lactate gradient was negative for all three cardioplegia intervals in the high hemoglobin group. (Lactate gradient = Aortic root – Coronary sinus lactate.)
The Journal of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery  , DOI: ( /uri:pii:S )
Copyright © 1994 Mosby, Inc. Terms and Conditions