1. Lecture 7c 21 October 2016

2. ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT
ADEK
ABSORPTION AND TRANSPORT
carriers for both absorption and transport
transport-lipoproteins in the blood

3. Vitamins do not fit into functional foods as per
definition of functional foods since vitamins have “basic nutritional functions”
“A functional food is similar in appearance to, or may be, a conventional food, is consumed as part of a usual diet, and is demonstrated to have physiological benefits and/or reduce the risk of chronic disease beyond basic nutritional functions” Health Canada
Is the first statement correct?

4. VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS
supplementation only if diet does not supply enough or have
secondary nutrient deficiencies that diet will not overcome
e.g. -Vitamin K
Elderly-low dietary intake of vitamin K, green leafy veggies
deficit
Elderly-antibiotic therapy often depletes Vitamin K producing
bacteria

5. VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
required if supplements apparently help with a particular
disease
however!-toxicity- especially with fat soluble vitamins

6. LDL’s content of beta-carotene and vitamin E dictate oxidation of LDL
VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
HEART DISEASE
beta-carotene, vitamin E are antioxidants
LDL’s content of beta-carotene and vitamin E dictate oxidation of LDL
vitamin E - high (non-toxic) doses give decreased platelet function

7. VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
DIABETES
Beta-carotene, vitamin E are depleted in diabetes and this is believed to enhance low density lipoprotein oxidation which encourages atherosclerosis

8. VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
CANCER
Oxidation of e.g. DNA contributes to cancer
and beta-carotene, vitamin E combats this oxidation

9. VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
OSTEOPOROSIS
Vitamin D and calcium supplements often given to elderly to overcome hormonally induced bone loss

10. VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
Coeliac disease
irritation of small intestine with gluten (a protein part of some grains) –immune response-inflammation-malabsorption
Solutions
a)eliminate –wheat, oats, barley and rye all of which contain gluten
b) ADEK- supplement until heal(via gluten free and/or drugs)

11. Vitamins as nutraceuticals continued Burn patients
regular diet a problem
vitamin A-important for skin and immune function

12. VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
SMOKERS
antioxidants –beta carotene and vitamin E
-hypothesized to combat oxidising agents found in smoke

13. VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
PULMONARY DISEASE
Anti-oxidant vitamins-Beta-carotene and E if not sufficient in diet cause increased oxidation due to their antioxidant role

14. VITAMINS AS NUTRACEUTICALS CONTINUED
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
fat soluble vitamins inadequately absorbed
Vitamins ADEK supplementation via intravenous if necessary (pancreatic function is not able to work in this disease)

15. WHAT IS NEW IN FAT SOLUBLE VITAMIN RESEARCH ?
Veronica Mocanu and Reinhold Vieth Three-year follow-up of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D, parathyroid hormone, and bone mineral density in nursing home residents who had received 12 months of daily bread fortification with 125 mg of vitamin D3 Nutrition Journal :137
“Once the need for vitamin D has been established, based on a low baseline serum 25(OH)D concentrations, the appropriate action is to maintain corrective vitamin D supplementation over the long term”