1. Nationalism Triumphs in Europe
Chapter 22
Nationalism Triumphs in Europe

2. Sections 1 Building a German Nation
The Push for Economic Unity
Zollverein – Economic Union
Bismarck Unites Germany
Otto von Bismarck becomes Prime Minister – 1862
Realpolitik
Strengthening the Army
Austro-Prussian War – Prussia gains lands
Franco Prussian War – German states unite to defeat France
Germany is unified – Birth of the Second Reich
William I becomes Kaiser

3. Section 2 Germany Strengthens
Germany becomes an Industrial Power
After unification, Germany shared many of the same advantages as Britain
Rapid Industrial Growth
Leading nation in Science and Technology
The Iron Chancellor
Bismarck named Chancellor
Kulturkampf – Catholics pay loyalty to state above Church
Other Religious Persecution
Attempts to end Socialism in Germany
William II becomes Emperor – Dismisses Bismarck

4. Section 3 Unification of Italy
The Rise of Nationalism
Guiseppe Mazzini – Young Italy
Risorgimento
Sardinia: Leader of the Unification Movement
Strengthening Sardinia
Count Camillo di Cavour – Prime Minister
Victor Emmanuel II - King

5. Sardinia (cont.) Forming Alliances Combining Forces
Crimean War – Alliances with Britain and France (Napoleon III)
Combining Forces
Giuseppe Garibaldi
Red Shirts
Garibaldi and Cavour join to unify Italy

6. Section 4 Nationalism Threatens Old Empires
Hapsburg Empire (Austria) Declines
Successes of Italian and German Unifications – Austria loses land/control
Multinational Empire
Formation of the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary

7. The Ottoman Empire “The Sick man of Europe”
Serbia and Greece gain independence
Constant attacks from Russia, Austria-Hungary, France and Britain for land
Ottoman Empire officially falls after WWI

8. Section 5 Russia: Reform and Reaction
A troubled Empire
Feudalism still exists – not industrialized
Russia’s loss in the Crimean War show’s weakness
Alexander II sets up reform
Ends Feudalism – emancipation of the Serfs
Establishes Zemstvos
Radicals assassinate Alexander II in 1881
Alexander II returns to absolute rule
Russia persecutes Jews - Pogroms
Alexander II

9. Drive to Industrialize
Industrialization under Alexander III and Nicholas II
Building of the Trans-Siberian Railroad
Russia loses the Russo-Japanese War
Loss sparks the Revolution of 1905
Nicholas II issues reforms
Establishes a Duma – elected legislature
Russia is still in unrest when WWI begins