1. Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages 141-149 (January 2016)
Importance of non–pulmonary vein triggers ablation to achieve long-term freedom from paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in patients with low ejection fraction 
Yonghui Zhao, MD, Luigi Di Biase, MD, PhD, FHRS, Chintan Trivedi, MD, MPH, Sanghamitra Mohanty, MD, FHRS, Rong Bai, MD, PhD, FHRS, Prasant Mohanty, MBBS, MPH, Carola Gianni, MD, Pasquale Santangeli, MD, Rodney Horton, MD, FHRS, Javier Sanchez, MD, G. Joseph Gallinghouse, MD, Jason Zagrodzky, MD, Richard Hongo, MD, Salwa Beheiry, RN, Dhanunjaya Lakkireddy, MD, FHRS, Madhu Reddy, MD, Patrick Hranitzky, MD, FHRS, Amin Al-Ahmad, MD, FHRS, Claude Elayi, MD, J. David Burkhardt, MD, FHRS, Andrea Natale, MD, FHRS 
Heart Rhythm 
Volume 13, Issue 1, Pages (January 2016)
DOI: /j.hrthm
Copyright © 2016 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Study design. AF = atrial fibrillation; EF = ejection fraction; PV = pulmonary vein.
Heart Rhythm  , DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2016 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Fluoroscopic view during isoproterenol challenge. The circular mapping catheter is in the left superior pulmonary vein, the ablation catheter in the right superior pulmonary vein, and the 20-pole catheter along the right crista and the coronary sinus. During isoproterenol challenge, sinus rhythm beat activation is compared with premature atrial contractions (PACs) or sustained beat activation and if the activation pattern is different we consider that as an independent trigger site. PACs are always considered as non– pulmonary vein triggers. PACs may often have multiple origins with early activation in different sites, such as coronary sinus, left atrial appendage, and left atrial septum.
Heart Rhythm  , DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2016 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Kaplan-Meier curve showing the recurrence-free survival of atrial fibrillation or atrial tachycardia after the first procedure between patients with low ejection fraction (EF) (≤35%) (group I) and those with normal EF (group II).
Heart Rhythm  , DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2016 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions

5. Figure 4
Kaplan-Meier curve showing the recurrence-free survival of atrial fibrillation or atrial tachycardia after the first procedure between patients with normal ejection fraction (EF) (group II), those with low EF with non–pulmonary vein (PV) ablation (group IA), and those with low EF without non-PV ablation (group IB) (P < .001).
Heart Rhythm  , DOI: ( /j.hrthm )
Copyright © 2016 Heart Rhythm Society Terms and Conditions