1. Religion in the Colonies

2. Rhode Island
Founded in 1636

3. Roger Williams ( )

4. Providence, First Baptist Church in America
Booted out of Massachusetts in 1636
Providence, First Baptist Church in America
1644 The Bloudy Tenent of Persecution For the Cause of Conscience Discussed

5. Religious Liberty/Legal separation of Church and State
-- Puritans called it a “haven for heretics”
John Clarke and Obadiah Holmes
Baptists (began in England) –Particular(Calvinist)/
General (Arminian)
Brown University (1764) – Baptist
Anglicans, Quakers and Congregationalists
Jews
Privateering

6. New York, New Jersey, Delaware
 Dutch West India Company and New Netherland
New Amsterdam – Manhattan bought from Indians for $24

8. Dutch Reformed Church
Peter Stuyvesant ( )
1664 British take over – rename colony New York

9. New Sweden (Delaware) -- 1638
1655 Dutch boot Swedes out
1664 English take over Delaware too
close ties during colonial period to Pennsylvania

10. New Jersey linked to colonial government in New York until it gets its own royal governor in 1738
Religious Pluralism
Anglicans
Kings College (1784) becomes Columbia University -- Anglican
Presbyterianism --Princeton University (1746) -- Presbyterian

11. Pennsylvania “Cradle of Religious Liberty” William Penn (1644-1718)
“The Holy Experiment”

12. Quakers/ “Society of Friends”
George Fox ( )
Doctrine of the “Inner Light” – direct revelation of God to the soul
Often persecuted in both England and America except in Penn.
No consecrated buildings, ordained ministry or set liturgy, pacifism

13. Anabaptists (Mennonites, Amish)
German Lutherans
Henry Muhlenberg ( )
Baptists
1707 Philadelphia Association
Methodists

14. African Methodist Episcopal Church (AME)
Richard Allen (1787)
Roman Catholics
Anglicans
Society For the Propagation of the Gospel in Foreign Parts (1701)
Anti-Church of England Sentiment from mid-1700’s on
Philadelphia major colonial city
Democratic institutions begin in Penn. rather early

15. Virginia
The Virginia Company
Jamestown 1607 (144 settlers)
Indian Problems and Solutions: Powhatan and Pocahontas
Tobacco!
Indentured Servants
Establishment of Church of England (Anglicanism)
1661 harsh laws against Quakers and Baptists
Extended Parishes and Unsavory Characters
“Glebes” and the Vestry System

16. Religious Challenge to Establishment
Williamsburg
College of William and Mary (1693)
Religious Challenge to Establishment
Presbyterians, Baptists and Methodists
Samuel Davies ( )
Shubal Stearns ( )
John Leland ( )
James Madison and Thomas Jefferson
Virginia Anglicans often supported the Revolution

17. Maryland
Proprietary colony 1634
Cecil Calvert ( ) “Lord Baltimore”
Roman Catholicism
John Carroll ( )
First Catholic Bishop in United States

18. Persecution
Fortunes of Catholicism in colonies mirrored fortunes in England
“penal period” – clandestine worship
Anglicanism
Thomas Bray ( ) “SPG”
Dispute with Pennsylvania over boundary leads to “Mason-Dixon Line”

19. Slavery and Controversy over “Christianizing” the slaves

20. The Carolinas
Religious Diversity
Huguenots 1680
George Whitefield and Methodism
Moravians in Salem, North Carolina
German Pietists
Went to America to evangelize
Count Nicholas von Zinzendorf ( )
Communitarians

21. Last of original 13 colonies founded
Georgia
Last of original 13 colonies founded
James Oglethorpe and his utopian experiment
“Buffer Zone” against Spanish in Florida
Idealism vs. Reality
John Wesley 1736
Southern Revivalism

22. First Great Awakening New England Half-Way Covenant and Declension
New England
Half-Way Covenant and Declension
Enlightenment “eating away” at Federal or Covenant Theology
By 1720’s Puritan figures like Cotton Mather disappointed

23. Jonathan Edwards ( )

24. Northampton, Mass.
Revival

25. “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God”
Possibly America’s greatest theologian
A Faithful Narrative of the Surprising Works of God (1737)
A Treatise Concerning Religious Affections (1746)
Kicked out of Northampton in 1750, moves to Stockbridge
1758 – dies of botched smallpox vaccination after taking
presidency of Princeton

26. George Whitefield

27. Georgia (1738), Philly and New York (1739), New England (1740)
Oct. 12, 1740 preached to 30,000 at Boston Commons

28. Whitefield and Franklin

29. Postmodern “pilgrims” at Whitefield’s tomb

30. Results of First Great Awakening
Itinerant Ministry (flamboyant preaching)
Renewal in local parish ministry
Spurred increase in Church membership
Influence of Edwards and his theology
Controversies: New Light vs. Old Light (Congregationalists), New Side vs. Old Side (Presbyterians)
Baptists benefited, especially in new England
“Unitive” effects – led American Evangelicals to “discover one another”

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Class
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Class 1 82 95
Class 2 76 88
Class 3 84 90

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