1. 1793: War breaks out between France and England
Foreign Policy: How should the U.S. respond to the conflict between France and England?
1793: War breaks out between France and England
Washington?
1797: France seizing American ships; XYZ Affair
Adams?
1803- War breaks out again; both France and Britain blockading Europe
Jefferson?
Madison?

2. When is going to WAR justified?

3. Causes of the War of 1812 Britain arming Natives in Ohio River Valley
Britain blockading American trade with Europe

4. (BACKGROUND): Violence in Ohio River Valley since Revolution
British don’t leave forts, arm Natives
(1794- Battle of
Fallen Timbers;
Natives pushed
out
of Ohio

5. 1809- Treaty of Ft. Wayne
3 million acres to U.S.

6. American confederacy to resist white settlers
Tenskatawa:
The Prophet
Role of Tecumseh
Rejects the treaties that gave Native land to the U.S.
Calls for united Native
American confederacy to resist white settlers
Skilled military and
diplomatic leader

7. BRITISH INVOLVEMENT IN NATIVE RESISTANCE:
America finds that Natives used
guns supplied by the British

8. 1806- Napoleonic Wars 1500 US ships
Britain blockades France (no ships allowed to Europe)
1500 US ships
seized 1807

9. British “impressment” of sailors:
The British navy kidnaps and forces American sailors into the British navy to fight France

10. Jefferson’s response:
Embargo Act of 1807
No exporting American goods
Goal:
hurt France and Britain economically
Force them to accept American neutrality
Results:
Destroys American trade
American merchants in the North are furious
Little effect on Britain

11. THE DEBATE OVER THE WAR WAR HAWKS
Congressmen from West and South who want War with Britain
BIG NAMES:
Henry Clay
Senator, Kentucky
John C. Calhoun
Senator, S Carolina

12. “Mr. Madison’s War”
NONE of the 39 Federalists vote for the War of 1812

13. FOR YOUR SOURCE… As you read
IDENTIFY SPECIFIC ARGUMENTS FOR OR AGAINST GOING TO WAR
If time when finished, compare with someone with same “color”

14. FOR: Representative Felix Grundy of Kentucky
AGAINST: William Cohen, Federalist journalist
FOR: Representative Henry Clay of Kentucky
AGAINST: Representative John Randolph, Virginia

15. WAR HAWKS push for war FOR WAR AGAINST Britain hurting trade
Impressment of sailors
Britain encouraging “savages”
Take Canada
Our “honor” is at stake
War will be expensive- ruin the country
Doubt we can win
People will die
Our own fault the Natives are attacking
We should be allies with Britain

16. So….
In your opinion, is the US justified in declaring war versus Great Britain?

17. 1812-13- Invasion of Canada 1812- U.S. attacks Canada
Disaster
1813- Br. Counterattacks
Stopped in autumn, 1813
Winfield Scott

18. War against Natives Oct 1813- TECUMSEH killed in battle
Natives soon pushed WEST of Mississippi River

19. Andrew Jackson in Alabama
Jackson crushes Creek Indians in Alabama
Land ceded to the U.S.

20. 1814 Napoleon defeated Attack from Canada repulsed, but…
UH-OH- Br. sends experienced troops over
Attack from Canada repulsed, but…
American victory at Battle of Lake Champlain

21. At Sea
British navy sets up a blockade
U.S. trade strangled

22. August 1814: Attack on Washington
City burnt, including Capitol and White House
Madisons flee

23. Scenes of the burning of Washington

24. Br. Stopped at Baltimore
Francis Scott key is on a ship making a prisoner exchange
Witnesses a MASSIVE bombardment of Ft. McHenry
Through the haze of smoke in the dawn’s early light, he asks his friend, “Jose, can you see?”
To his joy, the flag was still
there
What poem did he write?

25. Francis Scott Key:
Following MASSIVE bombardment of Ft. McHenry, flag still there
Writes poem: “Star Spangled Banner”

26. Andrew Jackson- big hero
Battle of New Orleans
Technically after war over
Andrew Jackson- big hero
“Old Hickory”- nickname
Casualties: BR: 2036 US: 71

27. Treaty of Ghent December 1814; ends war Pre-war boundaries
re-established

28. EFFECTS OF WAR:
A: Nationalism/ Patriotism rises; nation unified and proud
B: Federalist Party fades away
New England opposed the war
Hartford Convention: Dec. 1814, Federalists meet and consider “secession” (forming separate nation) from the Union & a separate peace w/ Britain

29. EFFECTS OF WAR…
C: Native American resistance over east of Mississippi River
D: Settlers flood
West
OH 1803
IN 1816
NEW STATES:
IL 1818
AL 1819
MS 1817
LA 1812

30. EFFECTS OF WAR:
E: Beginning of closer ties with Britain

31. EFFECTS OF WAR: F: Industrial Revolution begins in America
Embargo Act/ War of 1812 kill New England trade
Rich Americans invest $$ into textile factories instead of trade

32. In a sentence for each, explain how the War of 1812 could be seen as….
A “second war for independence” from Great Britain:
A war for expansion:
A war for “maritime rights” (rights at sea)
(CIRCLE WHICH ONE YOU THINK BEST DESCRIBES THE WAR)