1. Social Structure and Social Interaction
Chapter 4

2. Chapter Overview “Quiz”
Overview of Social Structure and Social Interaction
Macro Level: Social Structure
Micro Level: Everyday Social Interaction
Review

3. I. Introductory “Quiz”

4. 1. Social class is alive and well in the U.S. and guides our behavior.
True

5. 2. Each of us plays a social role.
True

6. 3. The domestication of plants and animals caused social inequality.
True

7. 4. The public would not consider a woman who is a size 14 to be sex symbol.
False

8. 5. The media pressures men to hate their bodies.
False

9. 6. More people are effected by economics than any other social institution.
False

10. 7. Hunting and gathering societies are the only societies that are completely egalitarian.
True

11. 8. About 25% of the US workforce is employed in service industries.
False

12. 9. People in service-oriented societies either provide or apply information.
True

13. 10. If people define situations as real, they are real.
According to Thomas Theorem, True.

14. II. Overview of Social Structure and Social Interaction
Charts
Vocabulary

15. Components of Social Structure
Society
Composed of five institutional spheres
Politics
Family
Religion
Economics
Education

16. Components of Each Institutional Sphere
Micro
Macro
Institutional structure
Organizations (larger, more formal groups)
Groups (two or more interacting people, sharing an identity)
Statuses (positions within an organization or group)
Roles (behavior attached to status)
Institutionalized moral beliefs and behavioral rules that support structure
Values (moral beliefs)
Norms (rules of behavior based on moral beliefs)

17. Vocabulary: 1. Levels of Sociological Analysis
a. Macrosociology (function & conflict theories) = focus on broad features of society (i.e., social class & how groups are related to each other)
b. Microsociology (symbolic interactionists) = emphasis on social interaction (i.e., language used by a certain group & group rules)

18. III. Macro level: Social Structure
Social structure = typical patterns of a group that guide our behavior
Major Components (an overview)
Culture
Social Class
Social Status
Roles
Groups
Social Institutions
Societies
Definitions of each

19. C. Definitions of each:
1. Culture = a group’s language, beliefs, values, behaviors, and gestures; the broadest framework that determines what kind of people we are
2. Social Class = a large group of people who have similar amounts of income and education and who work at jobs that are roughly comparable in prestige; a combination of education, income, and prestige

20. Social status = the position a person occupies
Status set
Ascribed status
Achieved Status
Master Status
Status symbols

21. Roles = the behaviors, obligations, and privileges attached to a status
You occupy a status
You play a role
We usually want to do that which our roles indicate is appropriate for us.

22. 5. Group = a collection of people who regularly and consciously interact with one another, who usually share similar values, norms, and expectations; a strong determiner of the members’ behavior
So what groups do you belong to?

23. 6. Social Institutions = the solution to a problem
How many are there, what are they called, and what do they do?

24. Family
Religion
Economics
Education
Politics
Law
Science
Medicine
Military
Mass Media

25. 7. Society = a group of people who share a culture and a territory

26. The Four Social Revolutions
Hunting and Gathering
Society
Domestication: Plants and Animals
Pastoral
Society
Horticultural
Agricultural: Invention of the Plough
Agricultural Society
Industrial: Invention of the Steam Engine
Industrial Society
Emerging
Information: Invention of the Micro Chip?
Postindustrial Society

27. Hunting and Gathering

28. Domestication: Horticultural or Pastoral

29. Agricultural

30. Industrial

31. Information

33. “Comparing Traditional
See hand-out:
“Comparing Traditional
And
Modern Societies”

34. Urban Makeup of the U.S. Population, 1790-2010

35. How Do Societies Stay Together During and After Change?
Definition: Social Cohesion = the degree to which a society feels united
Theories
a. Durkheim
Mechanical solidarity
Organic solidarity
b. Tonnies
Gemeinschaft = traditional societies
Gesellschaft = modern societies

36. B. Microlevel: Everyday Social Interaction
Proxemics Demo
Intimate distance
Personal distance
Social distance
Public distance

37. Dramaturgy = the day to day presentation of self Impression management
Goffman:
Dramaturgy = the day to day presentation of self
Impression management
Front stage
Back stage
Role conflict
Role strain

38. Role Strain You Son or Daughter Friend Student Worker Visit Mom in
Hospital
Work
Emergency
Overtime
Go to 21st
Birthday
Party
Study
for
Test
Role
Conflict

39. Role Conflict
You
Student
Not Make
Others
Look Bad
Do Well
Role
Strain

40. Role Expectations, Performance, Conflict and Strain

41. Garfinkle: the Social Construction of RealityOr
What if everybody thought it was true?

46. V. Review