1. Crop Protection Compendium Instruction Manual
A self-teaching and reference tool 1. introduction, simple searches and datasheets
Created in support of CABI’s Action on Invasives Programme.

2. This manual was produced as part of Action on Invasives, CABI’s growing programme to strengthen and co-ordinate the national and regional management of invasive species, which will help to reverse a threat that has an estimated annual economic impact of more than US$1.4 trillion worldwide.
Cover Picture: Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm); larva on maize cob. ©Phil Sloderbeck/Kansas State University/Bugwood.org - CC BY-NC 3.0 US

3. The aims of this manual are to:
Introduce the Crop Protection Compendium
Summarize the main sources of information available in the Compendium
Demonstrate a simple search using the home page search engine
Give a tour around a Pest datasheet
Demonstrate the datasheet ‘Report’ function
Show some of the other types of datasheets
In this self-learning slide show manual there are notes relating to each slide.
It should be possible to follow this teaching tool without reading the notes.
However, the notes give a little more information regarding the activities illustrated in the slides and about the Compendium in general. They would also be useful to anyone using this slide series as a visual aid in demonstrating to others.

4. In the beginning…
The concept of developing a relational database to provide more efficient delivery of crop protection information originates from an international workshop on information needs for crop protection hosted in 1989 by CABI in partnership with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Technical centre for Agricultural and Rural Co-operation (CTA). It was anticipated that the benefits of developing such as system would be greatest in developing countries.
During the early 1990s, CABI developed a prototype system and consulted widely with scientists, policy makers and other specialists throughout the world. After an initial feasibility study, supported by the Australian Centre for International Agricultural Research (ACIAR), a further workshop was held in Trinidad in 1992 to develop the concept of the Crop Protection Compendium (CPC).
Delegates advised a balance between a factual core with information on pests (text, references, maps and illustrations) and utilities to interpret data to aid decision-making.
Potential users of the Compendium were consulted during a feasibility study in 1994 (supported by ACIAR). Researchers, lecturers, plant health officials, quarantine officers, extension specialists, policy makers and the agrochemical industry all expressed a clear need for the development.
Workshop to develop the concept of the Crop Protection Compendium, Trinidad, 1992.

5. The Crop Protection Compendium Development Consortium
A Development Consortium was created to fund the development of the Crop Protection Compendium (CPC), bringing together private- and public-sector organizations. Sustainability (ongoing maintenance and updating) of the CPC is supported by surplus from sales.
Work began on developing the CPC in 1995, and a first module, targeted at South-East Asia, southern China and the Pacific region, was completed in The Global Module was published on CD-ROM in 1999, and on the Internet in Major donor-funded projects have included enhancement of information of relevance to plant quarantine and a phytosanitary decision-support tool (2001), and new datasheets on invasive plants (2004), forest pests (2004) and horticultural crops (2009). Tools to aid decision making have also been developed including an Advanced Search, Horizon Scanning Tool (HST) and Pest Risk Analysis (PRA) tool.

6. The Crop Protection Compendium Global Development Consortium
The Crop Protection Compendium is the result of a collaboration between CABI and an international Development Consortium of over 30 organizations from the government, development assistance and private sectors.
In addition, collaborations with expert organizations include:
Centre for Biological Information Technology, University of Queensland, Australia / European and Mediterranean Plant Protection Organization (EPPO) / Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) / Iowa State University, USA / Plant Resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA)/PUDOC Publishers / Systematic Botany and Mycology Laboratory, curators of Germplasm Resources Information Network (GRIN) Taxonomy, United States Department of Agriculture - Agricultural Research Service (USDA-ARS) / University of Bonn, Germany.
These organizations have guided the development of the CPC, and their contributions have ensured that the compendium meets the needs of their policies and regulatory environments.

7. Coverage of the Compendium
The Crop Protection Compendium covers pests of all taxa, including weeds, affecting crops, economically important forest trees and woody plants. Coverage also includes information on host plants, natural enemies of plant pests, and vectors of plant pests and diseases.
Global coverage
In addition to other content, includes detailed coverage of nearly 3000 crop pests

8. Data components www.cabi.org/cpc Basic Datasheets Full Datasheets
Database of Datasheets
Full datasheets: there are nearly 4000 detailed (or ‘Full’) datasheets in the Crop Protection Compendium mostly covering Pests, but also; crops, host plants, and vectors of plant pests. There is more information about these different types of datasheets covered in this manual.
Basic datasheets: these contain summary information in tabular format. They have been compiled mainly by data mining the CAB ABSTRACTS database. The content should therefore be treated with caution and the original sources consulted before use. Basic datasheets are included for pest species that have not yet been commissioned as full datasheets and datasheets related to pests such as natural enemies, hosts and vectors.
Library of selected documents
The Library is a collection of specially selected full text articles which complement the more structured information on the individual species datasheets. Articles can either be searched for by clicking the ‘Library’ menu button in the horizontal menu below the home page heading banner or via using the search on the Home Page and selecting ‘Library’ from the ‘Content types’ box before carrying out a search.
Library Docs
Full Datasheets

9. Data components www.cabi.org/cpc Abstracts Glossary Full text articles
Database of bibliographic records and abstracts
Bibliographic database: over 450,000 abstracts with metadata. This subset of CAB Abstracts includes references cited in the datasheets and additional recent references of importance. This set of records grows each week, ensuring that the key recent literature is available for searching. Access is provided to over 50,000 articles in the CABI Full text archive. There is assistance with onward linkage to full text from abstracts by providing a range of linking services.
Glossary
Glossary: Over 21,000 terms and their definitions have been compiled from various cited sources, including information on pesticides and biopesticides from the British Crop Production Council (BCPC).
Glossary
Full text articles

10. Compendium Home Page http://www.cabi.org/cpc/
Site menu
Content pages
Search bar
The Home Page of the Compendium is designed to make quick and comprehensive content searches:
1. Site menu:
Pages with information about the CPC project history, contributors and important background information such as data sources used, and copyright and content licensing.
2. Content pages:
Options on this menu allow the user to navigate quickly to exclusively search specific content types; Datasheets, Abstracts, Full Text, Library or Glossary terms. There is also page with links to More Resources, including identification keys.
3. Search bar:
Simple search interface that allows general searching using simple single or multiple terms, or by using Boolean statements. There is also a link to the Advanced Datasheet Search, which allows more specialized interrogation of Datasheet content for more specific searching and to produce useful lists.
4. Content Type filter:
Allows restricting search results to certain content types.
5. Latest indexed content:
The Home page of the Compendium lists, by default, the latest content to be published in the product. This could include, for example, new datasheets, updated datasheets or recently added bibliographic records.
Latest indexed content
Content Type filter

11. Simple search; ‘fall armyworm’
‘Filter by type’ options allow restricting search results to specific data types
Try a simple search by typing the common or scientific name of a species in which you are interested into the search box and clicking the ‘Search’ button to the right of the box.
A list of search results will appear. Search results include all types of content unless, filtered (restricted) to specific item types.
Filter by type button to the right of the search input box allows, before performing a search, to restrict the results to one or more content types.
The Item Type options in the ‘Refine Results’ box allows filtering to different content types after performing a search. In this instance it can be seen that the search has retrieved:
913 Journal articles
394 Datasheets
37 Conference papers
16 Glossary terms… and various other item types after clicking “MORE RESULTS…”
‘Item type’, similarly, can restrict search results to specific content types

12. … a little more on search results…
Results sorting options
It is possible to sort search results by ‘relevance’, date last updated or alphabetically by scientific name.
The next part of this manual is concerned with exploring and describing the anatomy of a datasheet, so click on the title (in blue) of a full datasheet. In this demonstration the user will click on the datasheet at the top of the search results list – Spodoptera frugiperda (fall armyworm)

13. Pest Datasheet cover page
Links to images, texts and tables classified by subject headings
Every datasheet cover section shows, if available, a picture, an occurrence map and the preferred name of the datasheet (ringed in red) along with other names and other information. In addition, a ‘last modified’ date is also shown. This date refers to the last time any part of the datasheet was altered.
Click on the picture to go to the datasheet’s image bank.
Click on the map window to examine the datasheet’s interactive distribution map.
Click on any Index item to investigate the datasheet’s many texts and tables.

14. Datasheet illustrations
Copyright holder
Click on the cover page picture to see a table of thumbnails of the other pictures available for the datasheet. Illustrations can be enlarged by clicking on them. Once opened, pictures can be copied and pasted into other documents. Picture copyrights are not owned by CABI, except where stated. Use of illustrations, along with other materials in the Compendium is covered in the CABI ‘Terms and conditions’ statement that every user agrees to follow. See the link on the bottom of any page of the Compendium,
This allows use of CABI copyright materials in the Compendium in the making of documents tailored by the user, for example, in reports and teaching materials, so long as the reuse of the materials is not for financial gain. Re-use of images that are not CABI copyright should only be after permission has been provided by the copyright holder.
Copyright holder and the original source should be acknowledged for any material re-used from the Compendium.
Click on thumbnail

15. Datasheet distribution maps
1. ‘Zoom’ in on a particular area of the map if required either using the ‘+’ or ‘-’ buttons or your ‘mouse roller’ wheel.
3. Distribution points can be selected or de-selected for viewing according to their status.
Click on the thumbnail map on the datasheet Summary area to move to the Maps section of the datasheet.
It is possible to ‘zoom’ in to view specific regions by using the ‘+’ or ‘-’ buttons in the top left corner of the map. The map can be ‘grabbed’ and moved by holding the left hand mouse button down and moving your mouse with the pointer on the map. If your mouse has a wheel that can be moved using your index finger, using this can be a more convenient method of ‘zooming’ in and out to view a map at smaller or larger scales.
A statement of occurrence can be read by clicking on a dot; this includes various metadata about the distribution status represented by the dot, including citation of one or more references as the authority for that occurrence data. The full reference can be found in the datasheet’s References section.
It is important to remember that maps should be interpreted with the assistance of the datasheet Distribution table.
2. Click on a dot for an occurrence statement.

16. Downloading a KML or CSV file
By clicking on the appropriate download button and following the instructions, distribution points can be downloaded as a KML file that can be opened and displayed in other mapping software such as Google Earth.
Similarly, the data can be downloaded to a CSV (spread sheet file) in which reference to each point is saved as a latitude and longitude along with the country or region which they represent and associated distribution statements.

17. Fall armyworm distribution displayed in Google Earth over a ‘layer’ to show Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification
Here the distribution of fall armyworm, as downloaded from the CPC, is shown displayed in Google Earth and overlaid on a map of Köppen-Geiger Climate Classification. It must be remembered, when viewing the data in other mapping software that that the granularity of the distribution data from the compendium will not change and that each point represents the presence/absence/other status of the species concerned within a country or region of a country (such as states of Brazil, India and the USA, and provinces of Canada). Dots do not represent point data. The climate layer for this map was downloaded from (Kottek, M., J. Grieser, C. Beck, B. Rudolf, and F. Rubel, 2006: World Map of the Köppen-Geiger climate classification updated. Meteorol. Z., 15, DOI: / /2006/0130.)
There are other free mapping tools available on the Internet such as batchgeo ( which can be used in conjunction with the CSV file output from the distribution map.

18. Tabular distribution data in the datasheet
Click 1 !
Click 2 !
The maps associated with the distribution of a species should always be examined in detail in conjunction with the Distribution Table and text that is available by clicking on the ‘Distribution’ or ‘Distribution Table’ links of the datasheet.
Full references are available by clicking on the associated links. When a full bibliographic record of a reference is held by the Compendium, as in the example shown, the full record can be retrieved by clicking on it.
A further analysis of each distribution record is available by downloading the table entitled ‘Distribution Table Details’ by using the Report generator function, details of which are described later in this manual.

19. Other datasheet texts and tables
Other information about the subject of the datasheet can be found by clicking on the links with respective sub-headings. Full datasheets on pests usually contain referenced information on taxonomy and nomenclature, description, distribution, hosts, biology and ecology, natural enemies, impacts, prevention and control.

20. … datasheet texts and tables… useful lists and links
One of the aims of the Compendium is not to be just a flat, encyclopaedic reference, but to offer dynamic linking to influence problem solving and information gathering.
Datasheets have been designed to accumulate useful lists of related species, for example, the datasheet on fall armyworm has a list of host plants and a list of natural enemies linked to datasheets on those species.
… okra is listed as a host plant. The datasheet on okra will have a list of other pests affecting okra, also with links to the relevant datasheets.

21. Datasheet report function
Use these arrows to adjust the order of sections in the Report that you are building
Use these arrows to move selected sections to and from the Report selection box on the right hand side
This right hand box is used to list the sections that you want printed in your Report
This left hand box contains all the sections available within this datasheet
These buttons select All the content of a datasheet to be included in a Report
Use these buttons to remove unwanted sections from the Report
Click here to generate a Report
All, or selected components of a datasheet (texts, tables, maps and pictures), can be collated and presented as a single HTML document for printing, cutting and pasting, etc. To do this use the ‘Report’ function by first clicking on the blue ‘Generate Report’ button at the bottom of the datasheet cover page section.
Click on the ‘Report’ tab (ringed in red). You will then be shown a set-up table that will enable you to select individual sections by highlighting them in the left hand column and moving them to the right hand column by using the upper two arrows situated between the two boxes.
By using the the buttons ‘All Sections’ and ‘All Maps’ it is possible to select all the content of a datasheet for a report.
The order of items as they are built up in the right hand box can be changed by highlighting an individual item and altering its position using the arrows to the right of the box.
When all relevant sections have been selected and are in the order required, click on ‘Generate Report’ at the bottom of the right hand selection window. An HTML report containing all the selected components will be created.
This can be saved as a word processor document, or elements can be copied and pasted for the user’s own purposes, so long as they do not infringe the CABI Terms and Conditions.

22. Use of Report function to access detailed Distribution Table
The most detailed information on the references used for distribution status can only be viewed by using the Report building function to select ‘Distribution Table Details’ and then generating a report. This table splits out each individual reference (there may be more than one for each location) and provides a corresponding comment on distribution; ‘Absent’, ‘Present’, ‘Widespread’, etc., that is associated with that particular reference. There may be more than one statement for a particular location. The statement shown in the less detailed Distribution table and on the Map is that selected by an editor to be the ‘Master’ or ‘Summary’ statement. In this table with further details, the Summary statement for each region/country is given first and the other records are shown in italics beneath that.

23. Other datasheet types…
Crop datasheets: datasheets on important crops contain a description and information on biology and ecology, genetic resources and breeding, agronomic aspects, uses, prospects as well as a text on the crop’s most important pests, and a list of all relevant pests covered in the Compendium.
Natural enemy datasheets: Some natural enemies of pests are covered in some detail, though these datasheets are not as detailed as datasheets on pests. Information covered includes a list of pests for which the species is a natural enemy. Sometimes there is also information on distribution of the natural enemy, as well as biology and ecology.
Crop Datasheet; e.g., maize
Natural Enemy Datasheet; e.g., Podisus maculiventris

24. Other datasheet types…
Vector of Plant Pest datasheets; e.g., South American palm weevil
Country datasheets; e.g., Zambia
Vector of Plant Pest datasheets: These datasheets cover information on species that vector plant pests. In some instances a species may be covered in a datasheet that is tagged as both a Pest and a Vector of Plant Pest. For example, the datasheet shown here is that of Rhynchophorus palmarum (South American palm weevil), which is both a pest in it’s own right, but also a vector for the red ring nematode. These datasheets contain links to the datasheets covering the pest species vectored.
Country datasheets: cover countries, or administrative states, regions or provinces of countries showing basic demographic and agricultural production data obtained with kind permission from the World Bank and FAOStat databases. These datasheets also contain lists of pests related to the country or region – a very useful feature that is often under-used in compendia.

25. Self-test activities
Find the Pest datasheet on Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. cubense (Panama disease of banana)
Create a datasheet report giving information on ‘Hosts/species affected’, ‘Symptoms’ and ‘Impacts’
Copy and paste this information into a word processor document and illustrate it with a selection of three of four images.

26. Self-test activities
Return to the datasheet on Panama disease find out whether it has a ‘natural enemy’.
If the pathogen does have a natural enemy add the species name to your report and include a list of other hosts of that natural enemy.

27. Self-test activities Expand the distribution map for Panama disease.
Download a KML file to your hard drive.
If you do not yet have it on your computer, download Google Earth from .
Once you have installed Google Earth, double click on your KML file showing distribution of Panama disease. The file should open in Google Earth to demonstrate the distribution.

28. Self-test activities
Download a climate map overlay for Google Earth from .
Open this overlay in Google Earth and impose the distribution of Panama disease on top.
Explore other datasheet types; try to find examples of Crop, Vector of Plant Pest and Country datasheets.

29. After using this first training manual on the Crop Protection Compendium you should be able to…
Use the simple Home Page search function to select datasheets
Explore datasheets with confidence
Create datasheet reports, selecting information required
Download and use distribution data in KML and CSV formats
Find links from datasheets to other appropriate sources of information within and external to the Compendium
Investigate other datasheet types that may be of interest to you

30. This manual was produced as part of Action on Invasives, CABI’s growing programme to strengthen and co-ordinate the national and regional management of invasive species, which will help to reverse a threat that has an estimated annual economic impact of more than US$1.4 trillion worldwide.