1. Controlled Substances
Stimulants – “uppers”
Triggers sympathetic nervous system
Depressants – “downers”
Triggers parasympathetic nervous system
Hallucinogens

2. Controlled Substances Stimulants
Cocaine
Inhibits the reuptake of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine
Topical anesthetic
Increases alertness, energy, feelings of competence
Two forms: salt (powder) and base (crack)
Currently cut with levamisole

3. Controlled Substances Stimulants
Phenethylamines (PEAs)
Methamphetamine
Amphetamine
“Bath salts”
Similar to cocaine, but also can suppress appetite
OD: irregular heartbeat, dilated pupils, flushed skin, teeth grinding, irritability

4. Controlled Substances Depressants
Sedatives
“calmers” – reduce anxiety
Enhance effects of GABA
Benzodiazepines, GHB, barbiturates, Quaaludes
All pills

5. Controlled Substances Depressants
Narcotics/Hypnotics
Sleep-inducers – antihistamines, zolpidem
Pills of all sorts
Opiates

6. Controlled Substances Depressants
Opiates
Strong pain-killers, anti-diarrheals
k-, m-opiod receptor agonists (b-endorphin)
Euphoria, anti-anxiety
Slows breathing and heart rate, lowers BP
Heroin, oxycodone, fentanyl
Metabolized in stomach

7. Controlled Substances Hallucinogens
Everything else
Serotonin releasers
5-HT2A receptor agonists
Dissociatives (NMDA agonists)
Cannabinoids

8. Controlled Substances Hallucinogens
Serotonin releasers
Ecstacy (MDMA, MDA, MDEA)
Feelings of euphoria, empathy; overall enhancement of senses

9. Controlled Substances Hallucinogens
5-HT2A receptor agonists
LSD, psilocybin, tryptamines, mescaline, NBOMes
Sensory alterations – sound, sight

10. Controlled Substances Hallucinogens
Dissociatives (NMDA agonists)
PCP, Ketamine, Dextromethorphan
Initially developed as anesthetics
Mentally dissociate user from what they are experiencing
Hallucinations, paranoia, aggressive behavior

11. Controlled Substances Hallucinogens
Cannabinoids
CB-1, CB-2 receptors
CB-1 receptors not found in brain stem – can not depress respiration, cardiovascular function
Relaxation, some euphoria
“Spice compounds”