1. The Society of Light and Lighting The Society of Light and Lighting DESIGN ASPECTS OF EMERGENCY LIGHTING David Vaughan -lightsource Ltd D.I.T. Kevin Street 14 October 2004

2. Introduction (need for Emergency Lighting) Legal Requirements for – Installations – Exit Signs – Luminaire Construction Green Alternative Impact of low mercury fluorescent lamps Emergency Fitting Types / Categories Testing Requirements Automatic Self Testing Systems Questions and Answers Contents

3. The Need for Emergency Lighting If artificial lighting is installed in any public access building Emergency Lighting is a mandatory requirement Provides light when the ordinary lighting fails due to a power cut and it is essential in safeguarding the occupants of a building in conjunction with other safety equipment Strict legal regulations governing Emergency Lighting - must be regularly tested which is the responsbility of the owner/occupier

4. Legal Requirements INSTALLATIONS – Designed,tested and installed to IS3217:1989 which are part of the building regulations EXIT SIGNS – European Council directive no. 92/58/EEC (Running man type – implemented in 1995 - S.I. 132 ) LUMINAIRE CONSTRUCTION – All Emergency Lighting luminaires must be constructed in compliance with EN60598-2-22

5. Legal Requirement Installation - Emergency Lighting Certificate All premises when handed over to the client must be certified to IS3217:1989 which consists of a certificate signed by the consulting engineer, the installer and commissioner. This standard primarily dictates types and positions of Emergency Fittings.

6. Near stairs Near changes of level Required Siting of Luminaires

7. To illuminate Exit doors and safety signs Required Siting of Luminaires

8. Near each change of direction Required Siting of Luminaires

9. Near each intersection of corridors Required Siting of Luminaires

10. Near each piece of fire fighting equipment Required Siting of Luminaires

11. Outside and near to each final exit Required Siting of Luminaires

12. IS3217:1989 For escape routes up to 2m in width, the horizontal illuminance on the floor along the centre line of an escape route shall not be less than 0.5 lux.5 Lux min. on Centre Line of Escape Route Up to 2m wide Escape Routes - Requirements

13. Escape Routes (previously called defined escape routes) Minimum Lighting Levels EN1838 :1999 1 Lux IS3217:1989 0.5 Lux

14. Transverse to wall Transverse spacing Axial to wall Axial spacing Transverse to wall Transverse spacing Axial to wall Axial spacing 1.8 1.5 - - 5.6 5.5 - - 1.5 1.2 - - 4.7 4.6 - - 2.1 2.0 1.7 0.8 5.6 5.8 5.4 1.7 1.5 0.6 4.6 4.8 4.9 4.6 Ceiling mounting height(m) 2.5 3 4 5 Escape routes 0.5 Lux min. along centre line Open (Anti-Panic) Areas 0.5 Lux min. Luminaires arranged in a regular array Photometrics/Spacing Tables Photometrics/Spacing Tables are used when designing an emergency lighting scheme/layout. Photometrics/Spacing Tables are used when designing an emergency lighting scheme/layout. Each emergency luminaire should have spacing tables. Each emergency luminaire should have spacing tables.

15. IS EN 1838:1999 4.3.1 The horizontal illuminance shall not be less than 0.5 lux at the floor level of the empty core area which excludes a border of 0.5m of the perimeter of the area empty core area which excludes a border of 0.5m of the perimeter of the area General rule of thumb : 10% OPEN PLAN, 25% Escape Route,50% Stairwells General rule of thumb : 10% OPEN PLAN, 25% Escape Route,50% Stairwells(conversions) Areas to cover>60m2 Areas to cover>60m2 ICEL – 1006 1999 ICEL – 1006 1999 Core Area (excludes 0.5m border) 0.5 Lux minimum Open Areas - Requirements

16. L N Unswitched supply Emergency lighting Normal lighting Non Maintained Emergency lighting must be activated by local final circuit failure Requirements to Minimise Risks

17. 19752000 1995 Deemed to comply with Signs Directive for new and existing installations (UK only – BS 5499-4-2000) Must have been replaced by 24 December 1998 European Signs Directive Format Legal Requirements for Exit Signs Illuminated signs must be used to indicate direction of escape routes

18. Viewing Distance Internally illuminated - Max D = less than 200xH Externally illuminated - Max D = less than 100xH H D

19. Legal Requirements for Luminaire Construction Luminaires for Emergency Lighting EN 60.598.2.22

20. Recognised independent test house approves construction to the relevant European standard. Certified products ensures that products conform to all relevant EMC and LV Directives (CE). Certified inverters (to EN60924) conform to relevant safety and operating standards. Certification

21. Emergency lighting can be one of two system types: – Self-Contained - each fitting has a board and battery – Centrally supplied - each has a slave board, no battery Slave fittings are powered by CBS. Product types are available as slaves or self- contained – Converted product-mains fitting converted to illuminate escape route – Bulkhead - illuminates escape route – Exit Sign-Illuminated directional sign – Twinspot - illuminates high bay/open areas. Fitting Types

22. Non-Maintained – lamp only lights when mains fail. Maintained – Lamp can light when mains is present and will light when mains fail. Sustained (Combined) – There are two lamps, one only works when mains fail and the other only works when mains is present. Categories

23. Green Alternative How can engineers of today and the future do their part ? Specify NiMh (less hazardous) as oppose to NiCd batteries. LED Emergency products now readily available - 100,000 hour lamp life -greatly reduced power consumption along with little or no heat dissipation.

24. Impact of low mercury fluorescent lamps European Directive RoHS – Reduction of Hazadarous Substances (mandatory from July 2006) -The European lighting Companies federation advised of a level no greater than 5mg of mercury for fluorescent lamps in 1998 for environmental reasons due to the toxicity of this substance

25. Impact of low mercury fluorescent lamps contd Why is this important ? It has implications for emergency (DC) operation. A variety of existing control gear are not designed to strike lamps with reduced mercury content. Problem manifests itself as mercury migration to one end of the lamp i.e. insufficient mercury is released and pinking occurs followed by lamp failure. A solution to this is to ensure emergency control gear can run all new low mercury / amalgam lamps

26. – Do not switch off other essential services or equipment. – Do not fully discharge a system if the building has to be re- occupied before re-charge is completed (Typically 24 hours). – Do not test by removing fuses/MCBs. This practice is not acceptably safe. Purpose designed test switches or systems should be utilised. Routine System Testing - Safe Procedures

27. Testing Requirements IS3217: 1989 (pr EN 50172) Drawings of the emergency lighting installation shall be provided and retained on the premises. Annually a test certificate should be provided by the person responsible for the site A log book shall be kept on the premises & be available for inspection containing : – Commissioning certificate – Records of routine examination. Records

28. Testing Requirements IS3217:1989 LEGAL COMMISSIONING AND TESTING REQUIREMENTS - Weekly mains presence(LED) and lamp check -3 Monthly discharge test for ½ Hour -Annual full rated discharge test for 3 hours (daily lamp check and monthly and annual discharge testing for BS5266 and PrEN50172)

29. HOW CAN YOU BE SURE TESTING IS DONE - CORRECTLY AND ON TIME? AUTOMATIC TESTING AUTOMATIC TESTING

30. Automatic Testing System type Self - Contained - stand-alone test facilities Initiation Automatic Timed Automatic Timed Can be set to test alternate luminaires Can be set to test alternate luminaires Indication local only local only Requires manual inspection Requires manual inspectionRecording local only local only Requires manual recording Requires manual recording

31. Automatic Testing System type Self - Contained - Remote control panel Initiation Automatic Timed or manually set Automatic Timed or manually set Can be set to test alternate luminaires Can be set to test alternate luminaires Indication Remote and local Remote and local Remote inspection Remote inspectionRecording From Remote Panel From Remote Panel Manual or Automatic Printout Manual or Automatic Printout FAULT-14

32. Automatic Testing - System Requirements Premises that may be occupied at time of duration test. If the building will not be empty for the full discharge test, Self contained emergency lights can be tested alternately i.e. grouped Emergency luminaires Under test Charged ready for use

33. IEC 62034 (Draft) - Automatic Test systems for Emergency Lighting Automatic testing of emergency lighting must be at least as effective as manual testing. Luminaire must be supplied from the battery. The tests must be performed at the correct intervals for the required times. Result of test must be reliably indicated. Test must be done at times of low risk.

34. Comparison of Testing systems Automatic ManualStand alonePanel+Printer Test switches must be fitted No additional test switches needed – No disruption while test is performed Staff need training how to do the test No training needed as the test is performed automatically Each luminaire needs checking during test. Luminaire can be checked at any time Results shown on panel Log record must be kept Log record can be downloaded Log record must be kept from panel Printer output is the log record

35. Selection of Testing system Automatic ManualStand alone (Self Test) Panel (Addressable) Small installations.Small/medium installationsLarge installations No grouping facility Grouping facility Not suitable for retrofitSuitable for retrofitNot suitable for retrofit

36. THANK YOU Questions ?