1. Family Names & Navigating the Periodic Table

2. Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids
Part 1
Metals, Nonmetals & Metalloids

3. Highlight this stair-step line to separate the metals from the non-metals

4. Everything above and to the right is a nonmetal

5. Nonmetals Tend to gain electrons Form negative ions (-)
Do not conduct electricity
Are brittle (unmalleable)

6. Everything below and to the left is a metal

7. Metals Tend to lose electrons Form positive ions (+)
Are malleable and ductile
Conduct electricity

8. Metalloids Mark these with an *: B, Si, Ge, As, Sb, Te, Po
These sometimes act like a metal, sometimes like a nonmetal.

9. Families in the Periodic table
Part II
Families in the Periodic table

10. Important definition: Valence Electrons
Valence electrons are the number of electrons in the outer-most energy level (outer-most shell) of an atom
They are completely responsible for how an element reacts with other elements.

11. Elements are arranged in Families: Groups or Columns (i.e up and down)
Families have similar properties
Usually have the same number of valence electrons
React similarly

12. Alkali Metals The first column One valence electron
Explosively reactive
Na, K, Rb, Cs, Fr
Form bases (alkaline) solutions

13. Alkaline Earth Metals Are the second column Have two valence electrons
Stable in air, but
React quickly with a little energy
Be, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ra
Make up many minerals

14. Transition Metals are everything in Columns 3 - 12
Tend to be what we think of when we think metals
Cr – Chrome, Au – Gold, Fe – Iron, Cu – Copper
Have no rule for valence electrons

15. Noble Gases are the very last column
Have eight valence electrons except Helium (He) has 2
Are very stable
Do not react with anything (usually)

16. Halogens Column 17 next to noble gases Have seven valence electrons
Extremely reactive
F, Cl, Br, I, At
Often used to kill bacteria
(think choline bleach, bromine in spas or pools)

17. Collectively called “Representative Elements”
13:Boron Family, 3 valence electrons
14: Carbon Family, 4 valence electrons
15:Nitrogen Family, 5 valence electrons
16: Oxygen Family, 6 valence electrons

18. The Two rows separated at the bottom are referred to as the Rare Earth Metals and are referred to by the first element in their row

19. The First Row are the Lanthanides,
After La, Lanthanum
The Second Row are the Actinides, after Ac, Actinium

20. Everything bigger than Uranium (#92) is human-made.
They are created in a laboratory rather than “discovered”.
They are all radioactive and most only stay together for less than a second.