1. 75 years of excellence Shared Responsibility in the Electrical Sector Ric Erdheim Senior Manager – NEMA Executive Director – TRC November, 2002

2. 75 years of excellence Outline oDescribe TRC Recycling Program oDiscuss Factors Applicable to TRC oCompare Battery and Lamp Industry Approaches oRecommend Criteria to Consider

3. 75 years of excellence TRC Program – Why? Concern about spent product disposal 2.8 grams/switch, 1.4 switches/thermostat Cannot reduce mercury in mercury switch thermostats Non mercury thermostats can have disadvantages (energy efficiency, retrofitability, cost, durability, inappropriate for visually impaired and handicapped.)

4. 75 years of excellence TRC Program – How? Established cost-efficient program utilizing universal waste rule. Three major manufacturers; Honeywell, White-Rodgers, GE Companies pay transportation and mercury recovery costs TRC losses money – mercury has no value

5. 75 years of excellence TRC Program – How? TRC signs up HVAC (not electrical) wholesalers Most thermostats sold through HVAC wholesalers, not retailers One-time $15 fee per container Receive TRC container (1X1X2 feet) Brings in business.

6. 75 years of excellence TRC Program – How? List at www.nema.org/trc TRCwww.n Free to contractors who install When filled (50-100 stats) wholesaler ships container at TRC expense to clipping facility Clipped ampuoles sent to Bethlehem Apparatus for mercury recovery

7. 75 years of excellence TRC Program – How? Letters to wholesalers and contractors Twice/year Press releases published in trade press and information to states Contact with NHRAW and ACCA HQ and local chapters Contractor flier – Available on Website Contractor requests to wholesalers

8. 75 years of excellence TRC Program – How? State and local government efforts – recovery greatest in states with aggressive efforts (Education, RCRA Enforcement, HHW Outreach, Container Placement, Pledge Program) Incinerator Companies

9. 75 years of excellence TRC Program – Results 1/98-7/1/02 results (processed by TRC): > 150,000 thermostats > 1,300 pounds of mercury 1,000 store participate

10. 75 years of excellence NATIONAL COLLECTIONS

11. 75 years of excellence PROGRAM LESSONS Products vastly different: Units Sold Size Fragility Level of Hazardous Substance Distribution Channel and Users (homeowners, businesses, specialized installers) Availability and Attributes of Alternatives

12. 75 years of excellence PROGRAM LESSONS TRC program works because; T stats contain grams/mercury (500-1000 times > CFLs or button batteries Number sold Economies from using existing limited distribution system Contractors install Small, sturdy & wholesalers properly handle

13. 75 years of excellence BATTERY AND LAMP INDUSTRY APPROACH Battery industry focused on source reduction. Collection only where makes sense – RBRC rechargeable battery collection. Lamp industry involved in both source reduction and recycling promotion for businesses.

15. 75 years of excellence BUTTON BATTERIES Button cells used in hearing aids, digital thermometers, insulin pumps, portable medical monitors, hospital pagers, watches, toys, and calculators Button batteries sold in US annually contain 2 tons

16. 75 years of excellence BUTTON BATTERIES Disposal ban and collection not cost-effective. According to analysis by Chittenden co. Vermont solid waste mgmt district, batteries and residential lamps are least cost-effective products to recover. Need to recover 57,000 average hearing aid batteries to recover one pound of mercury

17. 75 years of excellence LAMPS 27 tons mercury in 1990 lamps 9 tons mercury in 2001 lamps 54,500 2001 average four foot lamps contain 1 pound mercury. 113,000 CFLs contain 1 pound hg. Use of mercury containing lamps reduces mercury in the environment.

18. Lifetime Mercury Emissions * Based on 20K burning hours, Hg content of 23 mg per T12 lamp, and 8 mg per T8 lamp. Hg content of fuels is the US weighted average for fossil and non-fossil fuels, calculated from Environmental and Health Aspects of Lighting: Mercury J.IES 1994. Disposal emissions assume 3% in residuals of recycling, 90% from incinerators. Magnetic TCLP Failing Recycled Electronic TCLP Compliant Recycled Electronic TCLP Compliant Incinerated Equivalent Light Output Milligrams of Mercury CONCLUSIONS Hg from lamp disposal is small compared to Hg released from power generation required to operate lamp Incandescent lamps contain no mercury but result in the highest Hg emissions KEY *

19. 75 years of excellence LAMPS Lamp recycling has increased: 1997 75 million 2000 130 million NEMA estimate 21-26% recycling rate Existing infrastructure Manufacturer collection mandate interferes with existing infrastructure and adds costs to preferable lighting source 85% of lamps used by businesses

20. 75 years of excellence LAMPS – OUTREACH 1.The internet (e.g., www.lamprecycle.org and www.almr.org)*.www.lamprecycle.org www.almr.org Sponsored respectively by NEMA Lamp Manufacturers and Lamp Recyclers Contains State and Federal rules Lists Lamp Recyclers Recommends recycling 2.EPA Recycling Outreach $2 Million appropriation $750K to ALMR, NEMA and SWANA

21. 75 years of excellence SUMMARY Different products have different attributes leading to different approaches. Is recovery of product important because of volume or toxicity and is it worth the resources? The market place is complex made up of competitors with different agendas using numerous product distribution paths. What is the most cost-effective collection? Is product distribution system available for collection? Who are users (business vs. homeowner)? If homeowner how do you make it convenient? Does the spent product have value?

22. 75 years of excellence SUMMARY What education is available to users? What roles should various participants play (consumers, retailers, wholesalers, governments, manufacturers, recyclers)?