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Published byΝάρκισσος Χατζηιωάννου Modified over 5 years ago
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Acids Lesson 8 Ionization of Water pH Calculations
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The pH Scale Water ionizes to a small degree. H2O(l) ⇄ H+ + OH- 2H2O(l) ⇄ H3O+ + OH- Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x @ 250 C [H+] and [OH-] are inversely related!
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1. Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] in 1.0 M HCl.
HCl H+ + Cl- 1.0 M 1.0 M 1.0 M [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x [1.0][OH-] = 1.0 x [OH-] = 1.0 x M Note that in acid solution the [H+] is large and the [OH-] is small.
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2. Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] in 1.0 M Ba(OH)2.
Ba(OH)2 Ba2+ + 2OH- 1.0 M M 2.0 M [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x [H+][2.0] = 1.0 x [H+] = 5.0 x M In a basic solution the [OH-] is very large and the [H+] is very small!
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3. Calculate the [H+] and [OH-] in H2O.
H2O ⇄ H+ + OH- x x [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x x2 = 1.0 x [OH-] = [H+] = 1.0 x M Note that in pure water that the [H+] and the [OH-] are equal!
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4. The pH scale has three important end points.
pH 0 Strong Acid 1.0 M HCl 7 Neutral H2O or NaCl 14 Strong Base 1.0 M NaOH
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5. Match each letter with a formula. All are 1 M.
pH 0 7 14 A B C D E 5. Match each letter with a formula. All are 1 M. NH3 HCl KOH HF H2O weak base D strong acid A strong base E weak acid B neutral C
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH We start the pH scale at 1.0 M HCl strong acid. 1.0 is the same as 1.0 x 100
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M Substitute in the [H+] and solve for [OH-]
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M Substitute in the [H+] and solve for [OH-] [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M Substitute in the [H+] and solve for [OH-] [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 [1][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M Substitute in the [H+] and solve for [OH-] [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14 [1][OH-] = 1.0 x [OH-] = 1.0 x M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M Let's decrease the [H+] by a factor of 10 and solve for [OH-]
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M Note, this is neutral solution!
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M Note this is the other end of the pH scale where [OH-] = 1.0 M
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Notice that the [H+] scale goes from 1. 0 M to 1
Notice that the [H+] scale goes from 1.0 M to 1.0 x M going from 1.0 M strong acid to 1.0 M strong base. This means that the [H+] is changing by a factor of: 1.0 = 1.0 x 1014 1.0 x There appears to be a need to simplify the scale. Why not take the power of the hydrogen ion concentration and get a scale from 0 to -14. We could take the negative of this and get a simple scale from 0 to 14. This is called the pH scale.
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 0 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 0 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 0 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 2 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 3 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 4 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 5 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 6 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 7 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 8 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 9 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 10 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 11 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 12 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 13 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M 14
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 0 We can do the same 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1 with the pOH 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 2 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 3 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 4 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 5 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 6 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 7 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 8 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 9 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 10 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 11 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 12 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 13 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M 14
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 5 9 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 6 8 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 7 7 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 8 6 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 9 5 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 5 9 1.0 x M 1.0 x M Note that the pH + pOH = 14 1.0 x M 1.0 x M @ 250C 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 8 6 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 9 5 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M
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pH Scale Kw = [H+][OH-] = 1.0 x 10-14
[H+] [OH-] pH pOH -1 1.0 x 100 M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 5 9 1.0 x M 1.0 x M Note that the the scale can go 1.0 x M 1.0 x M to -1 and 15 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 8 6 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 9 5 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x M 1.0 x 100 M 15
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