The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

The Nervous and Endocrine Systems
Unit 1 Lesson 5

RED SLIDE: These are critical notes that should be recorded in your science journal.
First and last Name Science, Grade, Class Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

RED SLIDE: These are notes that are very important and should be recorded in your science journal.
BLACK SLIDE: Pay attention, follow directions, complete projects as described and answer required questions neatly. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see her.
She’ll be hiding somewhere in the slideshow Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

“Hoot, Hoot” “Good Luck!”
Keep an eye out for “The-Owl” and raise your hand as soon as you see her. She’ll be hiding somewhere in the slideshow “Hoot, Hoot” “Good Luck!” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

New Area of Focus: The Nervous System
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Nervous System is made of structures that control the actions and reactions of the body in response to stimuli from the environment. Has 2 parts: Central Nervous System (CNS) Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Pg. 60

The nervous system receives and then sends out information about your body.
It also monitors and responds to changes in your environment. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nervous System coordinating it all
The nervous system receives and then sends out information about your body. It also monitors and responds to changes in your environment. Nervous System coordinating it all Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

While you’re using your nervous system for all of your senses…

While you’re using your nervous system for all of your senses…
It’s working double controlling all of the things in your body to keep you living? Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Activity Stimulus! Very slowly move your finger until it touches your eyelash.

Activity Stimulus! Very slowly move your finger until it touches your eyelash. A reflex action will cause your eye to blink.

Activity Stimulus! You can now decide to flick the back of your neck with your with your thumb and middle finger causing pain. This is a conscious voluntary action that you have control over. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The messages that are constantly traveling through your body are carried by the neuron or nerve cells.

Neuron: A specialized cell transmitting nerve impulses.

Neuron: a cell that moves messages in the form of fast-moving electrical energy
These messages are called impulses . Pg. 62

What are the parts of a neuron?
Cell body: main part of neuron Dendrite: short, branched extension of the cell body Axon: extension of the cell body (arm) Pg. 63 .

1 mm to over 1 meter in length
Cell Body Axon terminals Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites 1 mm to over 1 meter in length Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F F F Another Axon Cell Body Axon terminals
Neurotransmitters sent to receptors F Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites F 1 mm to over 1 meter in length

F orm F F Another Axon Cell Body Axon terminals
Neurotransmitters sent to receptors F Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites F 1 mm to over 1 meter in length

F orm F ollows F Another Axon Cell Body Axon terminals
Neurotransmitters sent to receptors F ollows Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites F 1 mm to over 1 meter in length

F orm F ollows F unction Another Axon Cell Body Axon terminals
Neurotransmitters sent to receptors F ollows Myelin sheaths Axon Dendrites F unction 1 mm to over 1 meter in length Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Fingers are dendrites

Fingers are dendrites Hand is cell body

Fingers are dendrites Hand is cell body Arm is axon

“He’ll need a finely tuned nervous system to hit that shot.”
Fingers are dendrites “He’ll need a finely tuned nervous system to hit that shot.” Hand is cell body Arm is axon

Fingers are dendrites Hand is cell body Arm is axon

Activity! Simulation of a neuron / Saltatory conduction.
Whole class is one neuron (myelinated axons) Students stand at arms length from each other and form a winding line through classroom. Teacher says “go” to start, and first student gently slaps hand on person next to them. That person gently slaps the hand on the person next to them and so on down the axon. Last person in line should toss an object into the air representing the signal going to another neuron. Teacher will time you. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Down line until last person

The Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord  Processes information.
Brain-body’s central command organ Spinal Cord-allows your brain to communicate with the rest of your body. Pg. 60

The Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord  Control center of the body.

Peripheral Nervous System: Network of nerves throughout body.
The Central Nervous System: Brain and Spinal Cord  Control center of the body. Peripheral Nervous System: Network of nerves throughout body. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Peripheral Nervous System: Network of nerves throughout body.
Connects your central nervous system to the rest of your body Pg. 60

The Brain: An organ of soft nervous tissue contained in the skull of vertebrates, functioning as the coordinating center of sensation and intellectual and nervous activity. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The brain is well protected by the skull.
The brain is also covered in three layers of connective tissue which nourish and protect. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F F F The brain is well protected by the skull.
The brain is also covered in three layers of connective tissue which nourish and protect. F F F Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F orm F F The brain is well protected by the skull.
The brain is also covered in three layers of connective tissue which nourish and protect. F orm F F Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F orm F ollows F The brain is well protected by the skull.
The brain is also covered in three layers of connective tissue which nourish and protect. F orm F ollows F Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

F orm F ollows F unction The brain is well protected by the skull.
The brain is also covered in three layers of connective tissue which nourish and protect. F orm F ollows F unction Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Note how final spinal column is flexible. 31 segments and 33 bones
7 cervical vertebrae. 12 thoracic. 5 lumbar. 5 sacral 4 coccygeal Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The curves of your spine are important because they allow the spine to support more weight than if it were straight.

The curves of your spine are important because they allow the spine to support more weight than if it were straight. Also allows for compression.

Your vertebrae protect your spinal cord but are not

Your vertebrae protect your spinal cord but are not indes t r u c t i b l e.

Image of cracked spinal column and severed spinal cord.

Paralysis: Inability to move or function; total stoppage or severe impairment of activity

Again! Please wear your seatbelt.
Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Besides possibly saving you from TBI (Traumatic Brain Injury).

When you bang the back of you head you often see stars.
These stars are the firing of neurons, which is interpreted by the brain's visual cortex as quick flashes of light. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The endocrine system is a system that controls body functions and helps maintain homeostasis by using hormones. Pg. 66

Whistle!

Take 1 minute to return to
a normal state.

The loud whistle and visuals that just scared you even more is a great example of the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system relayed the loud noise to your brain through neurons. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The loud whistle and visuals that just scared you even more is a great example of the nervous system and the endocrine system. The nervous system relayed the loud noise to your brain through neurons. Your endocrine system just flooded your bloodstream with chemicals to put you on high alert. Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nervous System and Endocrine System
These chemicals told your body to speed up your heart rate, which has an influence on your breathing. This built-in flee response is great for survival. Nervous System and Endocrine System Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Nervous and Endocrine both regulate the body.

Nervous System, Endocrine System, Circulatory System
Nervous and Endocrine both regulate the body. Nervous system sends electrochemical signals. The endocrine sends chemical messages in blood. Nervous System, Endocrine System, Circulatory System Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

No more whistles today

Question: What do these do?

Gland: A cell, a group of cells, or an organ that produces a special chemical in the body.
Pg. 66

Hormones released into the circulatory system (bloodstream) travel to the whole body.

Hormones released into the circulatory system (bloodstream) travel to the whole body.
Remember: The network is over 100,000 km long.

Hormone: A chemical messenger made on one cell or tissue that causes a change in another cell or tissue in a different part of the body. Produced by the endocrine glands Travel through the bloodstream Pg. 66

“I hope he can digest all that food.”
Some activities in the body… Growth Sexual development Reproductive cycle Digestion Sleep Hair growth Hunger Blood Production Much More “I hope he can digest all that food.” Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

Let’s see if looking at some food stimulates our hunger and salivary glands for 5 slides.

Let’s see if looking at some food stimulates our hunger and salivary glands for 5 slides.
Melted chocolate

Melted chocolate Crispy edge
Let’s see if looking at some food stimulates our hunger and salivary glands for 5 slides. Melted chocolate Crispy edge

Too bad we can’t smell fresh baked cookies right now.
Let’s see if looking at some food stimulates our hunger and salivary glands for 5 slides. Melted chocolate Too bad we can’t smell fresh baked cookies right now. Crispy edge

Hormones can speed up, slow down, turn-on, and turn-off activities in your body

Dopamine plays a major role in the brain system that is responsible for reward-driven learning.

Dopamine plays a major role in the brain system that is responsible for reward-driven learning.
A variety of highly addictive drugs, including stimulants such as cocaine and methamphetamine, act directly on the dopamine system

Regulates sleep and wake patterns
Some important hormones Insulin Testosterone Estrogen Adrenaline epinephrine Dopamine Melatonin Thyroxine Regulates sleep and wake patterns Copyright © 2010 Ryan P. Murphy

The Nervous and Endocrine Systems

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