1. CLIMATE CHANGE IN THE HIMALAYAN CHAIN & ITS IMPACTS
Geoffrey Boulton
with
Magnus Hagdorn, Nick Hulton, Hugh Sinclair,
Pete Nienow
School of Geosciences
University of Edinburgh

4. Ganges/Brahmaputra/Indus Flux: ≈ 1,200 km3/year
Ice & snowmelt Flux to Plains: ≈ 400 km3/year (mostly in the dry season)
Ice & snowmelt ≈ 80-85% of Ganges dry season flow
In last 30 yrs - 11% reduction in dry season flow

5. Nepal transect Highest ELA Peaks 6000m envelope 5000m LIA LGM 4000m
Mean lowest
winter snowline
LIA - Little Ice Age
LGM - Last Glacial Maximum
3000m
50km swathe
mean topography
30 km
60 km

6. Representative October Images
1976
1989
2000