1. The chemistry and stability of the protoplanetary disk surface
Inga Kamp
In collaboration with:
Kees Dullemond (MPA)
Ewine van Dishoeck (Leiden)
Bastiaan Jonkheid (Leiden)
David Hardy, NASA

2. The chemistry and stability of the protoplanetary disk surface
Inga Kamp
In collaboration with:
Kees Dullemond (MPA)
Ewine van Dishoeck (Leiden)
Bastiaan Jonkheid (Leiden)
David Hardy, NASA

3. Motivation ?
Protoplanetary disk in Orion
Debris disk

4. The basic model - disk masses: 10-4 - 0.01 M Sun
- elemental abundances:
molecular cloud abundances
- optical properties of dust grains:
single 'mean' grain size
- dust temperature:
radiative equilibrium
- gas-to-dust mass ratio:
variable
- UV radiation fields:
interstellar radiation field,
photospheric radiation field,
photosphere+chromosphere

5. scaled solar chromosphere + IUE data + stellar atmosphere model
Vertical density
structure in a
flaring T Tauri disk
z/r
[Dullemond et al. 2002]
log
UV radiation field of a
T Tauri star
scaled solar chromosphere +
IUE data +
stellar atmosphere model
CO, H2 photodissociation
[Kamp & Sammar 2004]

6. The chemical structure-8
Interface disk-remnant gas -4
t = 1 layer
H2 is chemically
destroyed by O in
the hot regions
H2 + O  OH + H
OH + n  O + H
500 K
2000 K

7. The chemical structure
Interface disk-remnant gas
t = 1 layer
warm H2 present in disk surface
layers (thermally excited,
Tex~ few 100 K)
warm surface contains
observable molecules such as
e.g. CO, CH, OH

8. The gas temperature Gas and dust couple well above
500 K
50 K
2000 K
100 K
Gas and dust couple well above
the superheated surface layer
of the disk

9. The gas temperature  Gas and dust couple well above
the superheated surface layer
of the disk

10. Evaporation of the surface
- Gas densities are high enough to couple H to the remaining species
- Disk surface evaporates inside of ~50 AU  verify with fully self-consistent
disk models

11. Outlook: Disk structure models
- self-consistent stationary disk models
- comparison with observations by scanning through the disk with
e.g. VISIR, IRAM, ALMA in the NIR to submm  feedback for the models

12. Outlook: Disk structure models
- self-consistent stationary disk models
- comparison with observations by scanning through the disk with
e.g. VISIR, IRAM, ALMA in the NIR to submm  feedback for the models

13. Outlook: Disk structure models
- self-consistent stationary disk models
- comparison with observations by scanning through the disk with
e.g. VISIR, IRAM, ALMA in the NIR to submm  feedback for the models
- evaporation of the inner disk as a function of spectral-type of central star
(include X-rays)
- compile heating/cooling tables for hydrodynamical modeling

14. The End