1. BIOCHEMISTRY
CHEMICALS OF LIFE

2. Compounds
Two or more atoms chemically combined

3. Inorganic Compounds
Compounds that do not usually contain the element carbon and hydrogen together, NOT an organic compound
Present in living things
Ex. CO2 , H2O, NaCl, CaCO3

4. Organic Compounds
Compounds that contain the element carbon and hydrogen (oxygen, nitrogen)
Ex. Glucose
Occur naturally in living things

5. Organic Compounds
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Proteins
Nucleic Acids

6. Carbohydrates Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (1 : 2 : 1)
The ratio of H to O is 2:1
Basic unit- Sugars
Name ends in –ose
Primary Energy Source (break bonds)
Sugar + Oxygen  Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy
Ex. Glucose (hexose) C6 H12 O6
Ex. Fructose (pentose) C6 H12 O6

7. Carbohydrates Monosaccharides- simple sugars (Glucose, fructose)
Disaccharide = SS + SS (glucose+fructose=Sucrose)
Polysaccharide = SS + SS + SS + …… (many bonds)
Starches (plants), Glycogen (animals), cellulose

8. Carbohydrates

10. Lipids Fats, Oils, Waxes Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen (H to O>2:1)
Reserve energy supply (more bonds)
Cell structures, insulation, protection

11. Basic units:
3 fatty acids and glycerol
Fatty acids are made of a long chain of carbons and hydrogens with a carboxyl (COOH) group at the end

12. Glycerol = 3 carbon chain surrounded by OH (hydroxide )and H

13. Lipid Molecule

14. Lipids Saturated- single carbon–to-carbon bonds solid fats, unhealthy
Unsaturated- double or triple bonds
liquid, healthier

15. Lipids

17. Proteins Carbon, Hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (sulfur, phosphorus)
Cell structure, body tissues (bones, muscles, cartilage), hormones, enzymes, antibodies
Basic unit- amino acids
Very Complex

18. Proteins Amino Acids- Structural unit of protein
COOH + Amino group (NH2) + H + R
Each AA has different side chain
Twenty different amino acids

20. Proteins AA + AA = Dipeptide AA + AA + AA …. = Polypeptide
PP + PP + PP….= Protein (polymer)

21. Proteins

23. Nucleic Acids Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorus
Store important coded info in cells
Basic unit- nucleotides
DNA- (deoxyribonucleic acid) genetic
material, reproduction
RNA- (ribonucleic acid) protein synthesis

24. Dehydration Synthesis
Chemical reaction in which two molecules are bonded together by the removal of a water molecule
Dehydration- removing water
Synthesis- putting together
Water is Product

26. Hydrolysis
Chemical reaction that breaks down molecules by addition of water molecules
Hydro- water
Lysis- break apart
Water is Reactant