1. Let IT FLOW Arterial Blood’s journey Normal and Abnormal Hemodynamics of the Arterial System hhholdorf

2. Heart with Major internal structures

3. Hydrostatic Pressure

4. Normal Laminar Flow

5. Parabolic flow

6. Steady flow in the arterial system

7. Pulsatile flow

8. Dichotic Notch waveform
a small, downward deflection observed on the downstroke of an arterial pressure waveform. It represents closure of the aortic or pulmonic valve at the onset of ventricular diastole.

9. Describe the Notion of Peripheral resistance and how it plays a role in the arterial system.
Peripheral resistance is defined as pressure drop divided by flow:
R =(Pₐ - Prₐ) / Qr
Resistance in fluid flow is defined as pressure drop per unit flow.
Peripheral resistance is maintained largely by sympathetic tone maintaining a basal
level of vasoconstriction in vascular beds in skeletal muscle and skin. Skeletal muscle
constitutes the largest single vascular bed and the major determinant of total peripheral
resistance. Resistance in other circulations is also partly controlled by neural factors but
also by local control (especially in the brain and myocardium).
Makes up the largest single vascular bed and the major determinant of total peripheral

10. Explain the difference between vasoconstriction and vasodilation
Vasodilation is relaxation of blood vessels leading to increase in lumen size. Vasoconstriction is contraction of blood vessels leading to decrease in lumen size.

11. What happens to blood flow proximal stenosis?
Proximal to a stenosis flow frequencies are usually dampened with or without disturbance.

12. What happens to blood flow within a stenosis?
Entrance into a stenosis produces an increase in Doppler shift frequencies resulting in spectral broadening and elevated velocities.

13. What happens to blood flow distal to the stenosis?
Flow speed increases at a stenosis, so would turbulence occur distal to the stenosis