1. Missouri S&T Intramural sports
Basketball Officials Training – 1/11 and 1/12/12

2. Learning Outcomes
Understand the Basic Mechanics and Positioning of Basketball Officiating
Be able to demonstrate how give proper mechanics for fouls and violations

3. Who Are We? Professional Staff Clinicians
Sarah Moore – Intramural Director
Nick White – Intramural Manager
(office) or ( Nick’s cell)
Clinicians
Mitch Jones
Casey Bollmann
Ethan Shackelford
Josh Busche
Meghann Morrow
Kristen Drage
Austin Fitzpatrick

4. Length of the Season 3-4 Game League Play Begins Tuesday, January 17th
Playoffs will begin
Week of February 12th

5. Employee Expectations
Professionalism
Courtesy/Customer Service
Outstanding Conduct When Participating!
Responsibility
HUSTLE, HUSTLE, HUSTLE
HAVE FUN

6. Evaluations Evaluations are constructive and for your benefit!
None of us know everything
Always room for improvement
Types of Evaluations:
Verbal – All season
Written – Starting the 2nd week
Questions/Concerns?
Nick White

7. When do I work? Tentative Schedule: Sunday 5:00-10:00 PM
Monday – Thursday 6:00-10:00 PM
Availability Sheets
Completed today before you leave
Can update when needed (must be done by Wednesday at 11:00pm)
Schedules
Where and when (Friday by noon via )
Substituting

8. What do I Wear Provided By Intramural Sports You Provide
Whistle
Officials Jersey
You Provide
Shorts/Wind Pants (black preferred)
Sneakers (Dark preferred)
All other essential clothing items
You are Expected to look professional at ALL times!!!

9. Scoresheets – Pre-Game
Players
All players must check in with a photo ID (S&T ID or Driver’s license)
Count the players on the court to see if the number matches the amount on the score sheet
Numbers
All players must have a unique, whole digit number, marked on the score sheet
Captains
Captains should be noted on the score sheet

10. Game Time!! Forfeit Time Game Time! One Team Present
Additional 10 Minutes choice
Neither Team Present
Double Forfeit
When do I start the game clock?

11. Game Time – cont’d Two 20 minute halves of continuous running time.
Clock stops for time outs or official time outs (e.g. for injuries or retrieving a ball). Clock is not stopped for violations.
During the last two minutes of the second half, the clock will be stopped for all dead ball situations (e.g., violations, turnovers, time outs, fouls, etc.).
Half-time = 3 minutes
Time-out = 1 minute
2 Time-outs per half
You can only call a time-out when your team is in possession of the ball, or during a dead ball period
During playoffs if necessary, a 2 minute overtime shall be played to determine a winner. Clock stops on all dead ball situations. The overtime period will be repeated until a winner is declared. There will be a 1 minute break between each overtime.

12. Scoresheets – Post Game
Scorekeepers
Write the result of the game and circle the winning team.
Ensure that any ejected players are noted as such on the sheet
Signatures
Both captains sign the sheet after the game to verify the score and the winning team
Team Sportsmanship
Get sportsmanship ratings for both teams from the score keeper, officials, and opposing team’s captain

13. Emergency Situations Your roles: Not your roles: Crowd Control
Directing/Meeting EMS Personnel
Gathering Information
Getting games stopped, and then
re-started as appropriate
Not your roles:
Diagnosis
Primary Care
Ensuring the ‘show must go on’
Assigning Blame (Publicly)
Suggesting care, or other options for injured person
Breaking up Fights

14. The Meat and Potatoes with a side of Jello
Let’s Talk Basketball
One version of mechanics

15. Basketball Fundamentals - Violations
Open Hand
Common Violations: Definitions/Demonstrations
Traveling
Double Dribble
Carry/Palming
Timing Violations
3 Seconds in the lane
10 Seconds in the back court
5 Seconds out of bounds
5 Seconds Closely Guarded
Free Throw Violations

16. Basketball Fundamentals - Fouls
Closed Hand
Common Fouls: Definitions/Demonstrations
Blocking
Charging (Player Control)
Holding
Hand Checking
Pushing
Illegal Use of Hands
Technical
Intentional/Flagrant

17. Reporting a Foul Don’t make a call on the run
Come to a complete stop, then make the signal
Stay calm, don’t hurry
Raise arm
Verbalize the call
Foul – White 34 w/ the push (signal push)
Have a confident voice
Remember who was fouled and who committed the foul

18. Quick Basketball Rules
Penalties are awarded in the order they occur
A player cannot dribble and travel at the same time
Bonus:
Shoot 1 and 1 after 7th team foul
Shoot 2 after 10th team foul
Don’t shoot after a player control foul
A shooter that leaves the ground is in the act of shooting until they return to the ground
A try for goal is a shot or attempt to score and it ends when the ball enters the basket, is certain to miss, or hits the floor

19. Technical's, Intentional, Flagrant Fouls
Technical Foul Enforcement
Two Free Throws
Ball will be put in play at half court…Opposite scores table
Intentional and Flagrant Fouls
Award the person fouled 2 free throws.
Ball is put in at point of interruption

20. 3 Person Mechanics Remember To Officiate! Officiate Your Primary!
Objectives for Using 3-Person
Remember To Officiate!
Officiate Your Primary!
Trust Your Partners!

21. L
Primary Coverage Areas- basic C T

22. C L T Primary Coverage Areas- LEAD LEAD SHOULD: Start wide Close Down
Not be afraid to rotate
Rotate based on post play
Not stop in the lane
During rotation, look for the 1st competitive match up, not the ball
After rotation, stay in your new primary C T

23. C L T Primary Coverage Areas- CENTER CENTER SHOULD:
Be Active…with “Wide Eyes”
Be prepared to call your side of the lane
Stay with the drive all the way to the basket
Not give up a play or player until picked up by one of your partners
Not back out on rebound…stay put C T

24. C L T Primary Coverage Areas- TRAIL TRAIL SHOULD:
Be Positioned at the 28 ft. line
Officiate play/shots in free throw half circle
Stay with the drive all the way to the basket
Not give up a play or player until picked up by one of your partners C T

25. C L T Primary Coverage Areas- three point try
Lead assists Center and Trail in transition
Trail and Center mirror successful attempt C
Official with the preliminary signal stays with the shooter, off official takes other action
There should not be two preliminary signals T

26. Rotation: When & Why Lead initiates rotation based upon:
Post Play
Ball Location
Majority of Players
Avoid rotating
During a drive to the basket
When a shot is going up
During rebounding action
When partners are not in the front court

27. Rotation: When & Why cont’d
Recognizing rotation are crucial because everyone’s primary is changing
Recognize the type of offense/defense technique being used…(perimeter play, zone, man-to-man)

28. L C T Terminology: Wide Angle/ Close down
Close down is (usually) the pre-requisite for rotation to the weak side C T

29. L T T C C Basic rotation Rotation is (usually) initiated by the Lead
Lead will initiate rotation based upon:
post players
ball
majority of players
partners are in front court T T

30. ANGLES SPACES Looking for Angles Spaces
Three person requires you to work for “good looks.”
Particularly as C and T you must move to get a good angle- but- movement is mostly parallel to sideline rather than toward the center of the floor as in 2-person
SPACES
Officials must not get lazy and allow themselves to get straight lined….looking at a play through the offensive player’s backside!

31. X L Foul C T Play situation: Trust Your Partner! See the WHOLE play!
This is Center’s call T

32. X L Foul C T Play situation: See the WHOLE play!
Double Whistle is Good
T & L have dual coverage
Trail should have this call T

33. T L C Table T L Coverage on fast breaks/transition
In transition, the Center official can extend their vision across the court between the 3-point arcs C
Table

34. Foul- Front Court- Lead- Stays in front court
Table

35. C T Table C L T Foul Foul- Front Court- Center - Stays in front court
This works for situations where there will be a free-throw…the Trail is at the 28’ line, not half-court
Foul
What if the ball is to be taken out of bounds? Lead goes to ball side which forces Center back to Trail. L T T
Table

36. Foul- Front Court- Lead – Goes to back court
Table

37. Foul- Front Court- Center – Goes to back court
Table

38. Foul- Front Court- Trail – Goes to back court
Table

39. Foul- Front Court- Trail Opposite – Goes to back court
Table

40. Foul- Front Court- Lead Opposite – Goes to back court
Table C

41. Miscellaneous Notes… Opposite is responsible for last second shot
T and/or C are responsible for bringing in substitutes…(all of us are ultimately responsible)
When the ball is in your primary…take the drive all the way to the basket
Lead officals must learn to trust their Center official on weak side plays
“Active Lead…Strong Center and Trail”

42. Miscellaneous Notes…
You can’t be a ball watcher and be an effective 3- person official
Double whistles are good…Who gets the call?
Primary!
Position of the Trail during Free Throws?
28 ft. line
Where is the “C” during a press???
Freeze after a rebound/made basket to see if there if there is a press or trap.
Think: “Center stay put”

43. 2 Person Mechanics Remember To Officiate! Officiate Your Primary!
Objectives for Using 2-Person
Remember To Officiate!
Officiate Your Primary!
Trust Your Partner!

44. The Lead has on-ball coverage.
BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY COVERAGE AREAS
TEAM BENCH
TEAM BENCH T
The Trail is off-ball and officiating action in the shaded area. L
Ball is on Lead side in front court
The Lead has on-ball coverage.

45. The Lead has off-ball and officiating action in the “red” area.
BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY COVERAGE AREAS
TEAM BENCH
TEAM BENCH T
The Trail has on-ball coverage. L
Ball is opposite Lead
The Lead has off-ball and officiating action in the “red” area.

46. BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY AREAS
VISITOR BENCH
HOME BENCH
The Trail has on-ball coverage and is officiating the high action in the lined area. T L
Each official MUST be aware of these primary coverage areas.
T (in frontcourt) has division line and their sideline.
C has their sideline only
L has the entire end line
The Lead is off-ball and must help with off-ball coverage by extending to the other side of the key because the ball is up high.

47. BALL COVERAGE – PRIMARY AREAS
VISITOR BENCH
HOME BENCH
The Trail has on-ball coverage and is officiating the high action in the lined area. T L
Each official MUST be aware of these primary coverage areas.
T (in frontcourt) has division line and their sideline.
C has their sideline only
L has the entire end line
The Lead is off-ball and must help with off-ball coverage by extending to the other side of the key because the ball is up high.

48. OFF BALL COVERAGE – 3 POINT IN LEAD AREA
VISITOR BENCH
HOME BENCH
The Trail official positions to cover the significant action off the ball. T o T x o x x o L x o x
Each official MUST be aware of these primary coverage areas.
T (in frontcourt) has division line and their sideline.
C has their sideline only
L has the entire end line o L
The Lead moves to a position to get the 3-point line covered when the ball is in the area.

49. LEAD “BALL SIDE” PRIMARY CHANGED
LEAD ROTATES ACROSS TO GET BETTER POST COVERAGE. ASSUMES ADDITIONAL COVERAGE
TEAM BENCH
TEAM BENCH L
LEAD PRIMARY
COVERAGE L T
The coverage area for the ball-side lead is now extended to the area between the 3-point arc and the closest lane line below the F/T line extended. It is important to note that the extended coverage only applies when the lead moves ball-side. If the Lead stays opposite the floor is balanced.

50. COVERAGE FOR THE “DELAY” OR “FOUR CORNER”
DELAY OFFENSE
TEAM BENCH
TEAM BENCH L O O L
When teams go to a spread or delay officials MUST go to new positions on floor X X
When offensive player drives to basket, L should cut corner to observe action and get the angle. X O T
COVERAGE FOR THE “DELAY” OR “FOUR CORNER”
OFFENSE. X X O
L & T are in normal F/C positions
Lead must move around corner to observe lateral movement and possible contact. If corner player on that side drives to basket, lead can cut across corner to observe action near basket O T
Lead & Trail are in proper position for a normal frontcourt offense

51. Free Throw Lineups

52. Free Throw Lineup
Team B (team without the ball) must be located above two lower block
(New Rule 08-09)
Lane area from the end line to, and including, the neutral zone marks shall remain vacant
Maximum 4 Defensive and 2 Offensive on lane line
All other players
Above the 3 point line
Above the FT lane line

54. Maximum Line up Configuration
Table T A B A A C
Bench B B A A B B L

55. Team A vacates the lane
Table T A C
Bench B B B B L

56. Team B vacates lane spaces
Table T A C
Bench A A B B L

57. Team B must occupy first lane spaces
Table T A C
Bench B B L

58. Free Throw Lineup
Team B (opponent of free thrower) must set up in the first space (closest to basket allowed)
If Team B does not set up on the first shot, then it is a violation on Team B
After violation on Team B, you have a technical foul on Team B

59. When Ball is in the Cylinder
FT Restrictions Ends
When Ball is in the Cylinder
Table T A C
Bench B B A A B B L

60. Free Throw Rules

61. Free Throw Rules 10 Second Limit on thrower
Free Throw Restrictions begin
Ball is at the disposal of the thrower
Free Throw Restrictions end
When the ball is in the cylinder
When the ball hits the backboard

62. Free Throw Rules Free Throw Restrictions involve Thrower
Players on the Lane Line
Players not on the Lane Line

64. Free Throw Rough Play Players must stay in their lane line
Players cannot push to get better position

65. Two Person Mechanics

66. Basic Mechanics Trail Always opposite table
Signals to table what kind of FTs are awarded
Has 10 Second count responsibility
Aware of players not on the FT lane
Chops in clock on rebounding action
Close Down on shot attempt

67. Basic Mechanics Lead Always table side
Signals to players what kind of FT has been awarded
Administers all free throws
Chops in clock after made FTs during throw in

68. Basic Free Throw Coverage (New Rule Implementation)
Primary Coverage on Free Throw
Trail/Center
Has Free Throw Shooter
First player closest to T/C and players on opposite lane line
Lead
First player closest to Lead and players opposite lane line

69. 2008-2009 Rule Coverage Responsibility
Table
T/C A
Bench B B A A B B L

70. Three Person Mechanics

71. Basic Mechanics Center Official Always Opposite Table
Has 10 Second Count
“Chops” clock on missed free throw
Rebounding responsibility
Close Down on attempt

72. Basic Mechanics Lead Official Always Table Side
Administers all Free Throws
After made basket (and final Free Throw) is responsible for “Chopping” Clock on throw in
Rebounding responsibility

73. Basic Mechanics Trail Official Always Table Side
Primarily responsible for substitutions
Helps with all Free Throw coverage issues
May have to watch players not on the Free Throw Lane
Also has rebounding responsibility
Close Down on attempt
Assist partners on coverage

74. Basic Mechanics All Officials (2 or 3 Officials)
Knowing the correct amount of Free Throws awarded
Making sure subs are properly entering the game
Making sure all players are lined up properly
If anything is wrong get it corrected before anything is started
Call Obvious Violations
Know the clock status!!!

75. T
3 Person Coverage
Table B B A C A
Bench B A L B

76. 2 Person Coverage
Table A T
Bench L

77. Free Throw Violations

79. Free Throw Violations 10 seconds for thrower to shoot
Free thrower and players on lane marked spaces cannot fake to cause violation
No disconcertion
Enter or leave a marked lane space
Free thrower shall not have either foot beyond the vertical plane of the edge of the FT line which is farther from the basket or the free throw semi-circle

80. Free Throw Violations
A player not the FTer who does not occupy a marked lane space, may not have either foot beyond the vertical plane of the FT line extended and the 3 point line which is farthest from the basket
A player occupying a marked lane space may not have either foot beyond the vertical plane of the outside edge of any lane boundary or beyond the vertical edge of the space designated by a neutral zone

81. Free Throw Violations Violations committed by:
Free Thrower team
First violation or only violation
Play becomes dead immediately
No FT can be awarded
Second violation is ignored

82. Free Throw Violations Violations committed by:
Opponents of Free throw team
Commits first violation
Play continues
FT is successful violation is disregarded
Second lane line violation is ignored

83. Back-Court
A player shall not be the first to touch a ball after it is has been in team control in the front-court, if he/she or a teammate last touched or was touched by the ball in the front-court before it went into the backcourt
All three points must enter the front court for the ball to have front court status while a player is dribbling into the front court:
Left Foot
Right Foot
Ball

84. Back-court
A player from the team NOT in control may legally jump from his/her front-court, secure control of the ball with both feet off the floor and return to the floor with one or both feet in the back-court. The player may make a normal landing and it makes no difference whether the first foot down is in the front- court or back-court

85. How to be a Good Official!!!
Show up on time (15 minutes prior to your game is on time)
Dress properly
Blow your whistle with some authority
HUSTLE… HUSTLE… HUSTLE…
Have fun, enjoy the game
Communicate with your partners
Ask questions and accept feedback
Be loud and confident

86. Questions????