1. Global History I: Spiconardi

5. Rollo
Charles The Simple

6. Fall of Rome/Collapse of a centralized government
Kings too weak to stop invaders, such as Muslims, Magyars, & Vikings
People leave cities/towns and band together in countryside for protection

7. Feudalism a political system in which lords are granted the use of land (a fief) from their king in exchange for loyalty, military service, and protection of the people who lived on the land
Fief land granted by a lord to a vassal

8. Monarch/King
Needed assistance to repel invaders
Kept order

9. Lords* owned and managed large estates of land
Vassals lesser lords who received a fief from the lord in exchange for loyalty & military service
*Note: High ranking Catholic Clergy (e.g. bishops) were considered to be at the same social level as secular lords

10. Knights  warriors who pledged to defend their lords
Often the younger sons of nobles
Code of Chivalry  Code of conduct for medieval knights; similar to bushido

11. Peasants/townspeople
Serfs  legally bound to their lord; could not leave the land they were born on
Average life expectancy was 35 years

12. Manorialism  an economic system consisting of manors, which were agricultural estates run by lords and worked by peasants
Serfs were provided housing and protection in exchange for labor and a portion of their grain/harvest

13.   John of Cayworth holds from his lord one house and thirty acres of land.  For his right to this land, he must pay the lord two shillings a year at Easter and Michaelmas.  At Christmas he must give the lord one cock and two hens worth four shillings.           He must harrow [cultivate] the lord's land for two days during Lent at sowing time with his own horse and harrow.  He receives from the lord each day that he harrows three meals.           He must carry the manure of the lord's animals for two days using his own two oxen.  He receives from the lord three meals each day that he carries the manure.           He must carry wood from the lord's forest to the manor house for two days in summer.  He receives from the lord three meals each day that he carries wood.           John of Cayworth may not allow his daughters to marry without the consent of the lord or the lord's bailiff. Neither may he permit his sons to enter the clergy without the lord's consent.  He may not cut the timber growing on his land without the consent of his lord or the bailiff, and then only for the purpose of building.           After his death, his survivors will pay to the lord the best animal that he had, unless he has no living beast, and then the lord will receive no payment.           And if his sons or daughters wish to continue holding his house and thirty acres after his death, they must make a payment to the lord equal to the entire rent for one year.