1. Psychiatric Nursing: Theory, Principles, and Trends
Chapter 1:
Psychiatric Nursing: Theory,
Principles, and Trends
Copyright © 2012, 2007 Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.

2. Role of the Licensed PMH Nurse
Determined at local, state, and national levels
To collaborate with other core mental health disciplines including psychiatry, psychology, social work, and marriage and family therapy

3. Core Mental Health Licensed Disciplines
Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Psychiatry
Psychology
Psychiatric Social Work
Marriage and Family Therapy
(Designated by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)

4. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
Designate mental health licensed disciplines to professionally serve the nation in the promotion of mental health, the prevention and treatment of mental disorders, and the restoration of health.

5. Universal Agreement An integral part of total health
An inseparable component of overall health, welfare, and safety
Quality of life, effective daily functioning, and overall perception of well-being are closely linked to sound mental health
(New Freedom Commission on Mental Health, 2003; World Health Organization, 2002; National Institutes of Medicine, 2006)

6. Psychiatric Mental Health Nursing
Defines patients as individuals, families, communities, and organizations
Is an art and a science, and involves the use of principles and theories from varied sources

7. Fundamental Objectives
Promotion and protection of mental health
Prevention of mental disorders
The treatment of mental disorders
Recovery and rehabilitation

8. Levels of Prevention Primary - helps reduce the incidence
Secondary - helps reduce the prevalence
Tertiary - helps reduce the residual effects of the disorder and promotes rehabilitation

9. Figure 1-2 Comprehensive care model for psychiatric mental health nursing.

10. Mental Health
Basic right of all, regardless of race, age, gender, or socioeconomic status
Basic for functioning, productivity, and general well-being

11. Mental Health, cont’d
Healthy individuals live productive, creative, and satisfying lives; experience relatively low internal and external stress;
Are cognitively, emotionally, physically, and behaviorally stable; have realistic perceptions;
Have ordered thought patterns and feelings of overall well being; are able to function autonomously and in harmonious relationships with others.

12. Mental Disorder Defies simple definition
Identified by the patient’s response to the disorder
Manifestations are specific for each disorder
Some examples include impaired perception; cognition, mood, affect, behavior, or a combination of some or all of these.

13. Mental Health Care Reform
Patient Protection and Affordable Act
Health Care and Education Reconciliation Act
Institute of Medicine (IOM) and the Future of Nursing

14. Recommendations for Nursing
Nurses to practice to the full extent of their education and training;
Seek and achieve higher levels of education in improved systems;
Partner fully with physicians and other health care professionals to redesign health care;
Function within effective information infrastructures and data collection.

15. Global Burden of Disease
Psychiatric disorders are significant burden in terms of human suffering and economic and social costs
Unipolar depression ranks second among all other noninfectious health-related causes by the year 2020

16. Figure 1-3 Approximately 26
Figure 1-3 Approximately 26.2% of the adult population of the United States has a diagnosable mental disorder; 9% to 13% are seriously mentally ill. (From Kessler R et al: Prevalence, severity, comorbidity of 12-month survey replication, Arch Gen Psychiatr 6: , 2005.)

17. Social Stigma Disgrace of the shame of mental illness
May experience exclusion, rejection, alienation, overt and covert ridicule, exploitation, and sometimes even violence.
Labeling
Victims of bias