1. INFECTIONS

2. KEY TERMS
ENDOGENOUS- Originates inside of the body( tumors, congenital abnormalities)
EXOGENOUS- Originates outside of the body (radiation trauma, temp extremes)
NOSOCOMIAL- Infection that is acquired in the hospital that is transmitted by health care workers to the patient

3. OPPORTUNISTIC- infections are those that occur when the body's defenses are weak.
AEROBIC- requires oxygen to live
ANAEROBIC- lives and reproduces in the absence of O2
PATHOGEN- a disease causing microorganism
EPIDEMIOLOGIST- a person who specializes in the study of outbreaks of diseases within a group

5. INFECTIVE AGENT (PATHOGEN)
COMMON PATHOGENS INCLUDE BACTERIA, VIRUSES FUNGUSES, RICHETTSIAE,AND PROTOZA

6. RESERVOIR PLACE WHERE CAUSATIVE AGENT LIVE.
COMMON RESERVOIRS INCLUDE THE HUMAN BODY, ANIMALS, ENVIRONMENT AND OBJECTS CONTAMINATED WITH INFECTIOUS MATERIAL THAT CONTAINS THE PATHOGEN
PLACE WHERE CAUSATIVE AGENT LIVE.

7. PORTAL OF EXIT
WAY FOR CAUSATIVE AGENT TO ESCAPE FROM THE RESERVOIR

8. MEANS OF TRANSMISSION
PATHOGEN MUST BE TRANSMITTED TO ANOTHER RESERVOIR OR HOST WHERE IT CAN LIVE
TRANSMITTED VIA DIRECT OR INDIRECT CONTACT

10. DIRECT CONTACT CONTACT WITH THE BODY SECRETIONS CONTAINING PATHOGEN
PERSON TO PERSON SPREAD BY PHYSICAL CONTACT

12. INDIRECT CONTACT
PATHOGEN IS TRANSMITTED FROM CONTAMINATED SUBSTANCES ( I.E. FOOD, AIR, SOIL, INSECTS, CLOTHING, INSTRUMENTS AND EQUIPMENT)
TOUCHING CONTAMINATED EQUIPMENT
BREATHING IN DROPLETS CARRYING AIRBORNE PATHOGENS
RECEIVING THE BITE OF AN INSECT CARRYING A PATHOGEN

14. PORTAL OF ENTRY MEANS OF ENTRY BREAKS IN THE SKIN OR MUCOUS MEMBRANE
RESPIRATORY TRACT
DIGESTIVE TRACT
GENITOURINARY TRACT
CIRCULTORY SYSTEM
PORTAL OF ENTRY
WAY TO ENTER A NEW RESERVOIR OR HOST

15. SUSCEPTIBLE HOST 1. INDIVIDUAL WHO CAN CONTRACT THE DISEASE
2.HUMANS MAY FIGHT OFF CAUSATIVE AGENT AND DO NOT CONTRACT DISEASE IF:
A. DEFENSE MECHANISMS OF BODY ARE INTACT
B. IMMUNE SYSTEM IS FUNCTIONING
3. HUMAN BECOMES SUSEPTIBLE HOST IN SOME CASES
A. LARGE NUMBERS OF THE PATHOGEN INVADE
THE BODY
B. BODY DEFENSES ARE WEAK

17. BREAKING THE CYCLE OF INFECTION

18. THE INFECTIOUS AGENT CAN BE NEUTRALIZED
THE RESERVOIR HOST MUST MAINTAIN PERSONAL HYGIENE
THE PORTAL OF EXIT IS CLOSED (GOWNS & GLOVES), CONTROL OF BODY SECRETIONS AND PROPER DISPOSAL OF CONTAMINATED EQUIPMENT

19. THE ROUTE OF TRANSMISSION IS MINIMIZED THROUGH PROPER HANDWASHING, DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION
THE PORTAL OF ENTRY IS BLOCKED BY ASEPSIS, DISINFECTION AND STERILIZATION PROCEDURES
HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY IS BROKEN WHEN THE HEALTH AND WELLNESS OF AN INDIVIDUAL IS MAINTAINED

20. MICROORGANISMS AND DISEASE

21. FUNGi
SIMPLE PLANTS SUCH AS MOLD OR YEAST, SOME CAUSE DISEASE.

22. PROTOZOA
THE ONLY GROUP OF MICROORGANISMS CLASSIFIED AS AN ANIMAL. DISEASES INCLUDE MALARIA

23. VIRUS
MICROORGANISMS THAT ARE SO SMALL THEY CANNOT BE SEEN WITH AN ORDINGRY LIGHT MICROSCOPE. THEY ARE NOT DESTROYED BY ANTIBIOTICS

24. BACTERIA
CLASSIFICATION DETERMINED BY THE SHAPE OF THE BACTERIA AND WHETHER IT GROWS WITH OR WITHOUT O2.
ONLY A FEW BACTERIA, SUCH AS STAPHYLOCOCCUS AND STREPTOCOCCUS CAUSE DISEASE

25. COCCI
ROUND BACTERIA
STAPHYLOCOCCI:IN CLUSTERS LIKE GRAPES: CAUSE BOILS, IMPETEGO AND OSTEOMYELITIS
STREPTOCOCCI: ARRANGED IN CHAINS: CAUSES RHEUMATIC FEVER, STEP THROAT AND SCARLET FEVER

28. DIPLOCOCCI ROUND BACTERIA ARRANGED IN PAIRS
CAUSES CHYLAMIDIA AND GONORRHEA

29. ROD SHAPED BACTERIA CAUSES ANTHRAX
BACILLA
ROD SHAPED BACTERIA CAUSES ANTHRAX

30. SHAPED LIKE SPIRALS CAUSES SYPHILIS AND LYME DISEASE
SPIRILLA
SHAPED LIKE SPIRALS CAUSES SYPHILIS AND LYME DISEASE

31. asepsis Medical asepsis Surgical asepsis
The use of sterile technique to handle equipment, maintain sterile fields and dispose of contaminated materials without introducing harmful microorganisms
Practices and techniques that are designed to protect individuals from the spread of disease

32. Medical asepsis
Antiseptic: substances that inhibit the growth of bacteria. Some can be used on the skin
Disinfectant: substances or practices that cannot be used on the skin. This includes chemicals and boiling.
Sterile: absence of all microorganisms

33. EPIDEMIOLOGY
TRACING THE OCCURRENCE OF HEALTH RELATED EVENTS IN SOCIETY

34. ENDEMIC: REFERS TO THE ONGOING PRESCENCE OF A DISEASE WITHING A POPULATION
EPIDEMIC: IS A SUDDEN AND WIDESPREAD OUBREAK WITHIN A POPULATION, GROUP OR AREA. EX: SUDDEN WIDESPREAD OUTBREAK OF MEASELS
PANDEMIC: REFERS TO AN OUTBREAK OF A DISEASE OCCURING OVER A LARGE GEOGRAPHIC AREA, POSSIBLY WORLDWIDE. EX: AIDS

35. DAILY GRADE QUESTIONS
1. LIST THE 6 LINKS IN THE CYCLE OF INFECTION.

36. 2. CAN THE CYCLE OF INFECTION CONTINUE IF THE CYCLE IS MISSING A LINK?

37. 3. NAME 3 DIFFERENT MICROORGANISMS text

38. 4. WHAT IS THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A PANDEMIC AND AN EPIDEMIC?

39. 5. WHAT IS THE DEFERENCE BETWEEN ANTISETIC AND STERILE?