1. Indian Ocean Trade Routes Trans Saharan Trade Routes Bantu Migrations
Silk Road
Indian Ocean Trade Routes
Trans Saharan Trade Routes
Gold and Salt
Bantu Migrations
Iron
Buddhism and Christianity
Axsum
Other Goods Traded

2. India and the Rise of Hinduism

3. Vedic Age
Around 3,000 years ago a light skinned ethnic group called Aryans moved into India
After conquering the local people they created a social class system to keep them subjugated – The Caste system

4. Mauryan Conquest based empire Chandragupta Mauryan Ashoka Kautilya
Treating with Equality
Enticement
Punishment or War
Sowing Dissension
Ashoka

5. Gupta
Chandra Gupta
Theater State
Great advancements

6. The Caste System 4 Social Classes
Brahmin– Priests
Warriors/ Kings
Traders and landowners (rich)
Peasants
1 class was not even considered human
Untouchables
Could not change class
Your class determined who you married and socialized with

7. Reincarnation
Hindu’s belief that when the soul (atman) leaves the body it finds a new home
The new home is based on the actions (karma) of the last life
If a soul progressed far enough it could reach freedom (moksha)

8. Moksha Brahmin– Priests Warriors/ Kings Traders and landowners (rich)
Peasants
Mammals
Reptiles
Insects
Plants
Rocks
Untouchables

9. The Mahabharata
Classic Epic about two sides of a family fighting for power
One part was the most important– Bhagavad Gita
Arjuana talking with Krishna
Does not want to fight his own family

10. Ramayana

11. Polytheistic (believed in many gods)
To move up the “ladder” one must perform the acts necessary of the caste.
Polytheistic (believed in many gods)
Shiva
Vishnu

12. Buddhism Siddhartha Gautama Middle Path 4 Noble Truths 8 Fold Path
Theravada
Mahayana
Bodhitsava

13. Jainism
Ahimsa

15. Viewing the Silk Road from Space

16. Beijing
X’ian
Dunhuang
Ksahgar
Samarkan
Merv
Antioch

17. Common “Silk Road” Routes

18. The Road Ahead: Begin Your Journey in China
West
East

19. Heading West from Beijing

20. Heading West from Beijing

21. Next Stop…X’ian
Beijing
X’ian

22. Looking West from X’ian

23. Looking West from X’ian

24. Next Stop…Dunhuang
Beijing
X’ian
Dunhuang

26. Mogao Caves Near Dunhuang

27. Keep Moving West to Kashgar
Beijing
X’ian
Dunhuang
Kashgar

28. Dunhuang to Kashgar: Go Around the Takla Makan Desert

29. …and Cross the Tien Shan Mountain Range

30. Arriving at Kashgar

31. Now…On to Merv
Beijing
X’ian
Dunhuang
Kashgar
Merv

32. Kashgar to Merv: More Deserts and Mountains
Bactrian Desert
Pamirs
Ancient Merv

33. Your Journey So Far: You have traveled over 3,000 difficult miles
You have crossed the Takla Makan Desert, the Tien Shan Mountain Range, passed through territories of hostile warriors, crossed the Pamir Mountains and the Bactrian Desert.
Only 1,532 miles to go!!!

34. The Road Ahead…

35. Plains and Mountain Ridges

36. Zagros Mountains

37. Your Final Hurdle to Antioch… the Sultan Mountain Range

38. Finally…Antioch

40. Empire of Ghana

42. Sahara Largest desert in the world As big as the entire United States
Difficult to travel through-
had to follow routes connecting Oasis
Great wealth south and north

43. Empire of Ghana Controlled trade in
Gold
Salt
Slaves
Copper
Precious gems
Ivory
Exotic Animals
Islam spreads through region south of the Sahara through trade
King were very powerful
Ghana falls in 1076

44. Empire of Mali
By 1235, Ghana replaced by Mali—another kingdom based on gold trade
Mansa Musa-1312–1332
skilled military leader
Hajj
builds mosques in Timbuktu and Gao
In 1352, Ibn Battuta—Muslim scholar and traveler—visits Mali
By 1400, Mali begins to decline

51. Empire of Songhai
Songhai—people east of Mali, control gold trade moving farther east

52. Hausa City-States Exports
Leather
Gold
Cloth
Salt
Kola nuts
Exotic animals
Henna
Slaves
Heads and figurines in copper or brass
Rulers fight so much that none can build an empire