1. Atlantic Revolutions Background
By the mid 1700’s the ideas of the Enlightenment had begun to influence people’s ideas of government and social structures
Enlightenment grew the idea:
That governments needed to rule with support/consent of people
Citizens could/should overthrow governments that they felt didn’t represent them

2. Atlantic Revolutions Background
These ideas combined with discontent of colonial subjects and citizens with lower status in society was growing
These groups led a series of revolutions in the Atlantic World that would reshape Europe and the Americas
Many citizens were in position of growing in wealth but not seeing any increase in their social status

3. Atlantic Revolution Background
These revolution all took place in a pretty short period of time
They all took place in the late 18th –mid 19th Centuries
American Revolution was first starting in the 1760’s and the Latin American Revolutions were last mostly in the 1840’s

4. Atlantic Revolution Background
Took place in AP world Regions:
1,2,3,10

5. Atlantic Revolutions
We will be looking into the following revolutions over the next few days:
The American Revolution
The French Revolution
The Haitian Revolution
The Mexican War of Independence
The South American Wars of Independence

6. Causes/Background
American colonies had generally been left to govern themselves
British Crown appointed Governors to oversee each colony
Each of the 13 colonies were allowed to have their own government assembly that passed laws and regulations

7. Causes/Background
France and Britain fought 7 Years War(aka French and Indian War) from
The British won 7 Years War, but went into MASSIVE debt to do so
American colonies were heavily taxed to pay off this debt

9. Seven Years War

11. Causes/Background
British government passed Tax Acts to pay of debt from 7 years War
Ex: Stamp Act, Sugar Act, Townsend Acts
Colonist were furious they had no representation in the British Government
NO TAXATIONS WITHOUT REPRESENTATION

12. Causes/Background
British began to enforce their economic control and laws much more intensely
Americans SMUGGLED LIKE CRAZY ALLLLLLLLLLLLLLL Americans
Americans challenged British mercantilism and sought more economic freedom

13. Causes/Background
British Government began stationing troops in the Colonies which upset the American and made them feel threatened
Americans began organizing and protesting against British laws and taxes
Major acts of resistance and violence between the British and Americans pushed conflict even further

14. Causes/Background
There was a growing sense of patriotism and national identity in the American Colonies
For the most part they had been left on their own and this helped lead to an idea of American not necessarily meaning British

15. Engraving of The Boston Massacre by Paul Revere

16. Boston Tea Party

17. Causes/Background
Americans claimed their individual rights were being violated
Called them Rights as Englishmen
Declaration of Independence was the point of no return
Colonist claimed they could rebel and break with England because the king no longer had the people's consent

18. The War
Though not there from the beginning, the support of France and Spain was ESSENTIAL
These nations provided supplies, troops, and training for American army
France in particular eventually would fund almost the entire war effort

20. Total Ships of the Line, Allies vs. Britain
Seriously…
Total Ships of the Line, Allies vs. Britain
Year
French
Spanish
Dutch
American
Total Allied
British
1778 52 — 66
1779 63 58
121 90
1780 69 48
117 95
1781 70 54 13
137 94
1782 73 19
146

21. The War Success for the Colonists
Despite British military might, colonists have advantages:
Motivating cause of freedom
French assistance
War’s expense for Britain
British surrender at Yorktown in 1781; colonists win the war

22. Most importantly, the Americans needed an alliance of foreign support to obtain supplies, trained soldiers, and warships.
After the American victory in the Battle of Saratoga in 1777, France was persuaded to join the Americans against the British.
Once France joined the American side, Spain and the Netherlands followed.

23. The war was ended in 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
In 1781, the French fleet blockaded Chesapeake Bay, creating a decisive victory for the Americans at Yorktown, Virginia.
The war was ended in 1783 with the signing of the Treaty of Paris.
Britain recognized the independence of the United States of America.

24. The Treaty of Paris by Benjamin West

25. Major Changes/Effects
A Weak National Government
Articles of Confederation set government plan for new republic
Articles of Confederation create legislature only, no executive or judicial branches
Result is weak national government that fails to provide unity and order

26. Major Changes/Effects
After the failure of the Articles of Confederation, a new government was created based on Constitution
Government=democratic republic
Created a government in which a federal/national government shared powers with governments in each state
Called FEDERALISM

27. Major Changes/Effects
A New Constitution
Leaders call Constitutional Convention in 1787 to revise articles
Group instead creates a new government under U.S. Constitution
Constitution contains many political ideas of the Enlightenment

28. Washington Presides

29. Mr. Washington

30. Major Changes/Effects
To prevent a dictatorship, government power at the federal level was shared among three branches: executive (president), legislative (Congress), and judicial (Supreme Court)

31. Major Changes/Effects
Representatives and government leaders were elected by people
Not ALL government positions however
For example: President and Members of House of Representative=elected & Supreme Court Justices and Cabinet members were not elected
It should be noted, however, that “democracy” in this case – as in all cases before the twentieth century – was by no means all-inclusive

32. Major Changes/Effects
Not accompanied by any huge social transformation
Accelerated the established democratic tendencies
Political authority still in the hands of elites who had led the revolution
Property requirements for voting = lowered

33. Major Changes/Effects
Women and Native Americans could not vote
Men who failed to fulfill certain property requirements could not vote
Moreover, the U.S. Constitution did not outlaw slavery
In fact slavery DRAMATICALLY increased during under the American government compared to British

34. Major Changes/Effects
U.S. economy was generally influenced by Capitalism and had free trade
But the government still created lots of tariffs and trade restrictions

35. Enlightenment Ideas and the Constitution

36. Major Changes/Effects
Started political breakdown of Europe’s “New World” empires
Inspired future revolutions and revolutionary leaders

37. American Revolution Bellwork
Which Enlightenment thinkers influences the American Revolution and the government created by it?
Locke, Montesquieu, Voltaire, Rousseau
Who financially supported the American Revolution?
France

38. Objective
WWBAT: Complete a DBQ