1. Lipids
Mme Mazerolle

2. Lipids - Say what?
Lipids are also known as FATS, oils, lecithin, and cholesterol.
Easily stored in your body.
Your body NEEDS certain amount of lipids to function.
If not – skin, reproductive system, liver, and kidney can be affected.

3. Say what?
Lipids = Fat
Lipids = Hydrophobic = don’t like water – Don’t mix! (oil, butter)
Have A LOT of energy inside lipids.
SO – If you aren’t eating – it takes the fat from your body.
BUT – If you are eating – never uses energy = fat.

4. Of what are they made?
Lipids are composed of Fatty Acids and Glycerol.

5. How much? You should be getting 20-30% of calories from fat.
1g of fat = 9 calories
4.2g of fat = 1 teaspoon
As per the Canadian Food Guide, you should only have ml (grams) of unsaturated fat daily.

6. But why do I need fat? Many functions! Normal growth & development
Body heat
Shock absorber
Cell structure
Carries hormones & vitamins
**Provides energy (9 cal. Per gram vs 4 cal. Protein/carbs)

7. I need energy! Fat is stored within specialized cells called
adipocytes (adipose tissues).
Fatty acids and glycerol are converted into triglycerides which are stored in the adipocytes as an energy store.
When energy is required, triglycerides are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol. The glycerol creates energy.

8. Dr oz – what visceral fat does to the body…
2EjM

9. 3 classes of lipids
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols

10. Triglycerides
Type of fat found in your blood. Main form of fat found in your body (hips, belly…)
When you eat, your body converts any unused calories (once you have enough Glycogen) into triglycerides which are stored in your fat cells (adipose tissue). More tissue = More fat.
Triglycerides released later as energy.
Too high… Raise risk of heart disease and stroke, Atherosclerosis (hardening of arteries)

11. Phospholipids
Made up of a glycerol head (hydrophilic – loves H2O), 2 fatty acid chains (hydrophobic – hates H2O), and a phosphate group.
They join together (chains) into bilayer. Make up the contour of our cell membranes.
Lecithin – Helps blend materials that wouldn’t usually mix. (water & oil)

12. Sterols
Cholesterols
Produces steroid hormones which develop physical traits & plays role in reproduction.
Bile – Digest food
Regulates blood sugar & defends body against infections.
Liver makes cholesterol & from what you eat.
2 Types : LDL & HDL

13. LDL HDL LDL VS hdl Bad cholesterol Good cholesterol
Contributes to plaque & buildup = Atherosclerosis
Removes LDL from arteries.
Carries LDL back to the liver (breaks apart)

14. Classes of lipids Triglycerides Phospholipids Sterols
3 fatty acids + glycerol. - Fats found in the body
Energy & insulation
Fats & Oils - Butter, lard, margarine, olive oil…
Allows water & fat to form emulsifiers (stabilize fat & water)
Lecithin (made by liver).
Hormones (estrogen, progesterone, testosterone), Vitamin D, Cholesterol

15. Decreases LDL, increases HDL
Triglycerides
Saturated
Solid
Clogs arteries
Increases LDL & HDL
Unsaturated
Liquid
Lowers heart disease
Decreases LDL, increases HDL
Trans
Last longer

16. s
Kink in the chain = liquid.

17. Hydrogenation Oil : Liquid  Solid Improves shelf life.
If food oil is exposed to oxygen, it may turn rancid (spoils).
Detrimental to your health.

18. Heart Health Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)
Leading cause of death worldwide
Plaque
Build up of cholesterol in arteries
Atherosclerosis
Harden plaque
Heart Attacks
Blood cannot flow.
Stroke
Blood clot

19. Other factors! These factors are uncontrollable. Age Gender (male)
Race
Family History

20. You can control… Smoking High blood pressure High blood cholesterol
Diabetes
Excess weight
Inactivity
Stress & Personality

22. What about cancer? Cancer = Abnormal cell growth.
Second leading cause of death.
High fat diets increase the chances of :
Colon, breast, prostate cancer, etc.
What can I do??
Choose a diet rich in fruits, vegetables, and grains.

23. What should I do?
Eat fish – Avoid pills = High omega-3 fatty acids (good)
Fat detector = avoid/limit fats
Read labels = know your food
20-30% daily intake of calories = fat (GOOD fat)

24. Healthy vs Bad fat EAT! Cold water fish (salmon, cod, trout, tuna)
Plant oils (canola, flax seed)
Nuts & Seeds

25. Review What are lipids? Of what are lipids made?
How much should I be eating?
Name 6 functions of lipids.
How are lipids converted into energy? (storage, etc).
What are the 3 classes of lipids?
What are triglycerides?
What are phospholipids?
What are sterols?
What is the difference between LDL and HDL?
What is the difference between saturated, unsaturated, and trans fats?
Explain how heart diseases happen.
What are 4 uncontrollable factors?
Name 3 controllable factors.
Name a few examples of good fat.

26. What are lipids?
Lipids are fats, oils, cholesterol, and lecithin. They are essential to your diet. They are hydrophobic = hate water.

27. Of what are lipids made?
Glycerol + Fatty acids

28. How much should I be eating?
20-30% of fat from calories
30-45ml each day (unsaturated)

29. 6 functions Energy (9 vs 4) Normal growth and development
Cell membranes
Shock absorber
Body heat
Hormones

30. energy
Fatty acids and glycerol is transfered into triglycerides and stored in adipocytes (adipose tissues).
Once energy is needed, it is transformed again into fatty acids and glycerol.
Your glycerol is used as energy.

31. 3 classes
Triglycerides
Phospholipids
Sterols

32. Triglycerides 3 fatty acids + glycerol Main fat found in your body.
Used as energy (broken apart)
+ tissue = + fat = atherosclerosis.

33. Phospholipids
Made up of hydrophilic (love) and hydrophobic (hate) parts.
Make up the bilayer of your cell’s membrane.
Lecithin : Created to mix oil and water.

34. Sterols Liver makes your cholesterol : Hormone, Bile, Infections
Good vs Bad cholesterol
HDL vs LDL

35. LDL vs HDL LDL HDL Leaves cholesterol in arteries.
Helps ride arteries of cholesterol.
BAD
GOOD
Build up – atherosclerosis
Brings build up back to liver (broken apart)

36. Saturated, unsaturated, trans
Bad
Good
Really bad
Solid
Liquid
Last longer
Clogs arteries
Lowers heart disease

37. Heart disease
Your bad cholesterol builds up in your arteries creating plaque.
Plaque builds up and hardens.
Blood cannot flow properly through arteries.
Blood clot can happen = dislodges = stroke
Arteries clog up entirely = heart attack.

38. 4 uncontrollable factors
Race
Family history
Gender
Age

39. Controllable factors What you eat Exercise Stress Diabetes
High blood pressure
High blood cholesterol
Excess weight
Smoking

40. Good fats Plant oils (flax, canola, etc)
Cold water fish (Salmon, Cod, Tuna, Trout)
Nuts & seeds