1. NEW PARADIGMS in Computer Supported Cooperative Work
THE HOLONIC ENTERPRISE: Enabling Global Collaboration
4 May 2019
Multi-Agent Systems

2. OVERVIEW 1. MODELING ORGANIZATIONS AS HOLONIC SYSTEMS
2. THE WEB-CENRIC PARADIGM - GLUE IN VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS
3. THE HOLONIC ENTEPRISE AS AN INFORMATION ECOSYSTEM
4. PATTERNS OF HOLOIC COLLABORATION
4 May 2019
CSCW

3. MODELING ORGANIZATIONS AS HOLONIC SYSTEMS
1. HOLONIC SYSTEMS AS HOLARCHIES OF HOLONS
2. HOLARCHY KEYWORD: MULTIRESOLUTION
3. HOLONS’ GREATEST CHALLENGE: BALANCING AUTONOMY AND COOPERATION
HOLARCHY AS ORGANIZATIONAL MODELS: LEVELS OF ABSTRACTION
4 May 2019
CSCW

4. HOLON AND HOLARCHY
Arthur Koestler, The Ghost in the Machine, Arcana books, London, 1989.
? How do organisms function
“The organism is to be regarded as a multi-levelled hierarchy of semi-autonomous sub-wholes of a lower order, and so on. Sub-wholes on any level of the hierarchy are referred to as holons”
HOLON – Greek: holos=‘whole’; on=part (e.g. proton, neutron)
4 May 2019
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5. HOLARCHY SELF-ORGANIZING SYSTEM OF HOLONS (Social, Biological)
“autonomous individuals, yet cooperating to form apparently self-organizing hierarchies of subsystems, such as the cell/tissue/organ/system hierarchy in biology”
4 May 2019
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6. HOLARCHY
A system of holons which can cooperate to achieve a goal or objective. The holarchy defines the basic rules for cooperation of the holons and thereby limits their autonomy.
RULES: determine functional patterns for holons in that holarchy
4 May 2019
CSCW

7. HOLONS AS DUAL ENTITIES
THE WHOLE IN THE PART
1. WHOLE: autonomy, separation
2. PART: cooperation, cohesion
CHALLENGES
INTERDEPENENCE: capability of integration as a part
COORDINATION with local environment
4 May 2019
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8. VIRTUAL ORGANISATIONS
4 May 2019
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9. 4 May 2019
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10. VIRTUAL ORGANIZATIONS
A virtual organization or company is one whose members are geographically apart, usually working by computer and groupware while appearing to others to be a single, unified organization with a real physical location.
4 May 2019
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11. THE WEB AS A ‘LIVING ORGANISM’
4 May 2019
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12. 4 May 2019
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13. WEB-CENTRIC PARADIGM COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
MODELING HOLONS AS SOFTWARE AGENTS (‘agency attributes’)
HOW TO FIND THE ‘BEST PARTNERS’ FOR THE COLLABORATION?
TASK DISTRIBUTION
TASK DEPLOYMENT
PATTERNS OF HOLONIC COLLABORATION
4 May 2019
CSCW

14. COMMUNICATION MEDIUM
Wireless
Portal
eMarketplace
4 May 2019
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15. MODELING HOLONS as Multi-Agent Systems
HOLONIC
ENTERPRISE
4 May 2019
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16. Dynamic Virtual Cluster
HOLONIC
ENTERPRISE
ENTERPRISE
Field
Cluster CC CC
RESOURCEr EC
RESOURCE EC CC CE CE CE
RESOURCE EC CE CE CE CC CC
RESOURCE
ENTERPRISE CE CE CE EC
RESOURCE EC CE CE CE CE CE CE CC CC
RESOURCEr EC
RESOURCE EC CC
Dynamic Virtual Cluster CE CE CE
RESOURCEr EC CE CE CE CE CE CE
Field
Cluster
HOLONIC ENTERPRISE AS A HOLARCHY
4 May 2019
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17. HOLONIC ENTERPRISE HOLARCHY of Collaborative Enterprises – holons
MODELED AS SOFTWARE AGENTS
COLLABORATIVE LEVELS
1. INTER-ENTERPRISE (supply chain)
2. INTRA-ENTERPRISE
(planning/scheduling)
3. RESOURCE (e.g. machine level)
4 May 2019
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18. METAMORPHIC ARCHITECTURE
HOLONIC
ENTERPRISE
4 May 2019
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19. ORGANIZATIONS AS HOLONS
Holon: An autonomous and cooperative building block of an organizational system for transforming, transporting, storing and/or validating information (and physical objects.) The holon consists of an information processing part and often a physical processing part. A holon can form part of another holon.
Autonomy: The capability of an entity to create and control the execution of its own plans and/or strategies.
Cooperation: A process whereby a set of entities develop mutually acceptable plans and execute them.
4 May 2019
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20. MANUFACTURING HOLON
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21. HOLONIC ENTERPRISE
Holarchy: A system of holons which can cooperate to achieve a goal or objective. The holarchy defines the basic rules for cooperation of the holons and thereby limits their autonomy.
RULES: Patterns of Holonic Collaboration
4 May 2019
CSCW

22. PATTERNS OF HOLONIC COLLABORATION
THE RULES FOR HOLONS
Common mechanisms that characterize the information ecosystem created by the three levels of a holonic enterprise:
Dynamic Virtual Clustering configured to minimize cost and enabling for flexible, re-configurable structures
4 May 2019
CSCW

23. PATTERNS OF H.E.
Mediator Agent: decisions on cluster configuration (e.g. finds the ‘best partners’ for the collaboration)
Partial Cloning (enterprises, internal resources, physical machines modeled as software agents)
? WHAT DO WE NEED TO ABSTRACT INTO AGENTS
4 May 2019
CSCW

24. TASK DECOMPOSITION
Task distribution among the cluster’s entities (“outside-in view” from the Mediator to each collaborative entity
Task deployment within each entity (“inside-out” view from the entity to the Mediator)
ONTOLOGY “PATTERN”: “peer-to-peer” (task distribution) “inter-level” (task deployment)
4 May 2019
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25. Machine1 Machine2 Tool1 Tool2
Task
Sub-Task
Machine1
Machine2
Tool1
Tool2
Virtual Cluster 1
Virtual Cluster 2
Task Decomposition
Partial Cloning
4 May 2019
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