1. The Schism of the Church
The Protestant Reformation of Europe and the Lutheran Revelation

2. Crisis in the Church "Why did GOD spare some of us but not others?"
Lack of strong leadership in the church
Mostly peasants died from the plague
Plague killed many priests and monks, left churches empty and abandoned
People blamed the plague on sinfulness and corruption of the church.
Crisis in the Church

3. The Corrupt Papacy Pope Clement V moved the Papal Court to Avignon.
Popes lived lavish lifestyles.
Ate, drank, indulged in many pleasures, disregarded the illness and suffering of the peasants.
Reformers angry at the French papacy elected their OWN pope
Two popes at the same time, great division in the church's moral authority

4. Translation of the Bible
John Wycliffe – Supported translating the Bible in to English so that common people could read it.
Believed people should rely on their own interpretation of the Bible not the church's
Believed the church was corrupt and immoral
THE BIBLE ITSELF IS CHRISTIAN TRUTH, NOT THE CHURCH.

5. The call to reform
Jan Hus – spread John Wycliffe's ideology, called for reforms.
Reformation – A rejection of the church's ideas.
His followers who believed in Wycliffe's philosophy were called Hussites
Wycliffe and Hus were persecuted as heretics by the Church
Hus was tried for heresy and burned at the stake in 1415.

6. Hussite martyrs burn at the stake.
Commonly persecuted by the Church as heretics. Heretics are people who are against God.
The church tried to stifle the message of John Wycliffe but by doing so people hated them even more.

7. How the church changed
The ideas of Wycliffe and Hus began the Protestant Reformation.
The ideas of the Protestants caused a further decline in Church power.
Less people attended masses
Translations of the Bible spread, allowing individual worship.
Churches lost funding, power, and influence in Europe.
Their corrupt lifestyles were at risk.

8. The war between England and France
The Hundred Years War
The war between England and France

9. The rival powers: England and France
On top of the suffering caused by the Black Plague and the turmoil of the Church's Division there was also a bloody and violent conflict between France and England that lasted over 100 years.
The war strained England's economic growth and destroyed France.

10. Causes of the War English Normans held valuable land in France.
English king claimed the right to the French crown.
Growing sense of national pride
Economic rivalry

11. French Ruler
English Ruler
King Charles IV
First marriage was annulled due to his wife committing adultery. His sons were therefore considered illegitmate and could not claim the throne.
He died without having any legitimate sons.
King Edward III
His father married King Charles IV's sister (French princess Isabelle)
Claimed the throne as Charles IV's closest living relative. (Nephew)

12. WEAPONS OF WAR Longbow Crossbow Cannons Guns Used by the English
6-foot bow.
Could fire 3 arrows at a time.
Arrowheads could pierce armor.
Could be fired from long distances.
Took a lifetime of training to master. Overwhelmed through rate of fire.
This was the English weapon of choice during the war.
Used by the French
A mechanical compound bow.
Could only fire 1 arrows at a time. Slow to reload.
Better for shorter distances.
Made to be accessible to the common soldier. Every arrow counted.
The longbow made the use of crossbows obsolete.
Bombards – a type of cannon.
Ultra-heavy artillery, fired enormous pound stone balls. Demolished castle walls.
Mortar– a type of cannon.
Medium artillery, fired pound iron balls high in to the air. Gravity accelerated the balls on the way back down, creating devastating force.
Culverine – a type of handgun.
Light artillery, used by mounted French soldiers.
Allowed for armies to be raised quicker.
Required very little training and could be deployed effectively against the English armies using crossbowmen.
This was the French weapon of choice.

13. Joan of Arc
A French peasant, appeared at the court of Charles VII and told him God had sent her to save them.
She lead the French army against the English.
Her bravery and conviction in God inspired the French to fight harder.
She was burned at the stake by the English after being tried as a witch.
The French saw her as a martyr and fought even more fiercely after her death.

14. Results of the War
The Franco-Scott Alliance – The Scottish king allied with the French against England. (Scotland has a long history of kicking England out of its lands, they despised the English just as much as the French.)
After the English burned Joan of Arc, they provoked the French to attack harder than ever before.
The French demolished all English castles in France with heavy artillery, cannons, and firearms.
The Franco-Scott alliance destroyed the English navy and because of the plague the English could no longer raise an army.
The Hundred Years' War ended with French victory.

15. This post-war development leads to THE RENAISSANCE.
Cause
Effect
English develop longbows
French develop light artillery
French employ cannons and heavy artillery
Guns make peasants and untrained commoners more effective on the battlefield
Recovery from the war
Crossbows become obsolete
Longbows become obsolete
Castles no longer work as a defensive measure
Feudalism no longer works. Monarchs need large armies not vassals.
Technological innovation and increased trade
This post-war development leads to THE RENAISSANCE.