1. Use the techniques you have learnt in previous lessons
To learn about metals
To give you a broader understanding of the materials used in everyday products
Part of your GCSE exams and materials that you might want to use for your future projects
Use the techniques you have learnt in previous lessons

2. Properties, Ferrous, Alloys, Finish
Objective
To learn about Metals their properties and uses
Key words
Properties, Ferrous, Alloys, Finish

3. General properties of metals
Strength –
How well a material can resist being
deformed.
Lustre –
A gentle sheen or soft glow
Conductivity –
Ability to allow electrical current to pass through
a material.
Tough
The ability to withstand impact
Hard
Ability to withstand scratching
Ductile
Ability to stretch without breaking (thin wires)
Malleability
Ability to be shaped (i.e. with a hammer)
Without breaking.
General properties of metals
Materials that do not let electricity pass through them easily are called electrical insulators. Plastic, wood, glass and rubber are good electrical insulators. Copper is used to make electrical wiring because it is a good conductor of electricity
Iron is used to make cars and bridges because it is hard, with a high tensile strength
Metal form ability
ROD IS CIRCULAR AND A BAR IS RECTANGULAR
Metal categories
It is assumed that Iron was discovered in South East Asian region about 4000 years ago. At that period, Iron was rated more expensive than gold. In 1200 BC, the  "Iron Age" begun. In this period, the method of extraction and working method improved.
Dental fillings are an alloy (mercury and amalgam)
Solder (ie lead and tin)
Carbon is not a metal but is a natural substance- l diamond and graphite are both carbon substances-Diamond is the hardest natural substance on Earth, but it is also very brittle and will shatter if hit with a hammer.
Non F metals
It is a common alloy for general use and, inaerospace applications, is used for wing and fuselage structures. ... Lightweight with excellent corrosion resistance, less flammable

4. Material Form Availability
Metal Bar (or Rod)
Metal Angle
Metal Sheet
Metal Tube
What is the difference between bar/rod and tube?

5. Metal Categories Ductility Ferrous Metals Non-Ferrous Alloys
Ability of a material to stretch without breaking
Metal Categories
Ferrous
Metals
Non-Ferrous
Alloys
Contains Fe – Iron
Iron is soft and ductile, not particularly useful.
When carbon is added, it becomes steel and its properties are improved.
Do not contain
Fe –iron
Two (or more) metals are combined to produce materials with enhanced properties such as changes to: colour, strength, hardness etc.
Example: adding zinc to copper (brass) produces a much harder and stronger material than pure copper.
It is assumed that Iron was discovered in South East Asian region about 4000 years ago. At that period, Iron was rated more expensive than gold. In 1200 BC, the  "Iron Age" begun. In this period, the method of extraction and working method improved.
Dental fillings are an alloy (mercury and amalgam)
Solder (ie lead and tin)
Carbon is not a metal but is a natural substance- l diamond and graphite are both carbon substances-Diamond is the hardest natural substance on Earth, but it is also very brittle and will shatter if hit with a hammer.

6. Ferrous Metals
Add the missing information to your table of Ferrous metals
BASE MATERIAL
Carbon %
TYPE OF STEEL
DUCTILITY
HARDNESS
TOUGHNESS
Uses
IRON
MILD
STEEL
Nuts, bolts, washers
MEDIUM
CARBON STEEL
Gardening tools
HIGH
Hand tools, scribers, chisels
CAST IRON
BRITTLE
Machine parts, brake discs, engines
carbon content increases
Less carbon- ductility increases
More carbon- harder
Less carbon- toughness decrease.

7. Non-Ferrous metals Drinks cans, aircraft bodies.
Oxide – oxygen combined with another chemical
Add the missing information to your table of Non Ferrous metals\
METAL
COMMON USES
Properties
Aluminum
Drinks cans, aircraft bodies.
Soft, malleable, It is corrosion resistant - A layer of oxide protects it from corrosion
Copper
Electrical contacts, electrical cable and wire, jewellery.
Tough, ductile, High electrical conductor, corrosion resistant.
It is a common alloy for general use and, inaerospace applications, is used for wing and fuselage structures. ... Lightweight with excellent corrosion resistance, less flammable

8. Valves and taps, boat fittings. ornaments Statues, coins, bearings
Metal Alloys
Add the missing information to your table of Alloys
NAME
BASE METAL
Properties
COMMON USES
BRASS
Copper
Strong, wear resistant, hardness (harder than bronze)
Valves and taps, boat fittings. ornaments
Bronze
Hard, Strong, Doesn’t corrode easily, Shiny surface
Statues, coins, bearings

9. Protective finishes for metals
We apply finishes to metals to protect them against corrosion and to improve their aesthetic appeal.
Galvanising
Paint/Lacquer (varnish)
Iron or Steel
is dipped in a
bath of molten
Zinc
Prevents rusting/ corrosion.
Surface must be smooth & de-greased
Multiple layers of
varnish is applied
Painting - Primer required
Plastic Coating
Enamelling
Suitable for most metals
Object is heated
and dipped in a tank
of powder paint
Object is returned
to oven to ensure a
smooth, glossy finish.
Powdered glass is
melted onto the metal surface
Provides a hard
(but brittle) finish with different colours and textures.

10. Exam Style Questions Ductile A conductive metal
It is resistant to corrosion so will not rust.
Good lustre- so shiny and attractive.

11. Ductile
Need to be able to stretch it thin without it breaking for the can.
It means the characteristics of materials, often describing how they perform under certain conditions like when stretched or are under pressure.