1. Brief Response
What factors made the American people more sympathetic to the Allies and not Germany?
Allied nations had big debts in US banks
German submarines were sinking ships with US citizens.
Americans felt culturally closer to Britain (language, democracy)

2. American Power Tips the Balance

3. Today’s goal
Many volunteered, but others were drafted into a military that had little overseas experience against another industrial power.
Americans faced new weapons, medical challenges, and new ways of fighting, but fought successfully toward an Allied victory.

4. Eddie Rickenbacker Joined the AEF as a driver.
Soon became a successful pilot in the US Army Air Service.
With 26 kills, he became known as the “American ace of aces.”
As America made no planes, he flew a French Nieuport.
He later started Eastern Airlines.

5. Selective Service Act Congress resumed the Draft in 1917.
24 million men registered
3 million were called up.
About 1.5 million US troops saw combat before the armistice.
Most had little education
20% were foreign-born.
About 400,000 African-Americans served in the Army (but not the Navy or Marines), but were segregated from White-American troops.

6. Convoy system
System to protect cargo ships going to Europe from U-boat attacks.
Admiral William Sims assigned a heavy guard of destroyers to groups of escort merchant ships back and forth across the Atlantic.
The US navy also laid a 230-mile mine barrier from Scotland to Norway.
German u-boat activity weakened.

7. American Expeditionary Force (AEF)
US Army and Marine units sent to Europe.
Called “doughboys” by the Allies.
Most had never left their hometowns
Many were excited by the adventure of seeing London and Paris.
Few were prepared for the lessons, technology, and horrors of modern warfare.
General John J. Pershing:
Commander of the AEF.

8. Conscientious objector
A person who refuses to serve in the military on the grounds that war is immoral or against religious teaching.
“Thou shalt not kill”

9. Alvin York
Religious Tennessee man who claimed “conscientious objector” status, but changed his mind when he decided that the cause against Germany was right.
In October, 1918, he, a private, led six men in killing 25 Germans and capturing 132 others.
He won the Congressional Medal of Honor.
He was promoted to sergeant and sent home to a hero’s welcome.

10. armistice A truce that ends the shooting part of a war.
Germany agreed to one on November 11, 1918.
The war would not be over until a formal treaty was signed, however.

11. hwk

12. p. 382, summarizing
Congress resumed the draft.

13. p. 383, summarizing It exempted shipyard workers from the draft
Used a public relations campaign to stress the importance of shipbuilding
Used prefabricated construction techniques
Took control of private ships for trans-Atlantic duty.

14. p. 384, forming generalizations
WWI introduced new weapons and refined existing weapons.
Tanks and airplanes helped introduce modern mechanized warfare.

15. p. 385, analyzing effects
The new warfare caused physical ailments such as trench foot
Psychological ailments such as shell shock.

16. p. 386, drawing conclusions
American forces helped stop the German advance and helped turn the tide against the Central Powers.

17. p. 387, 3, drawing conclusions
World War I introduced mechanized warfare.
This new technology meant that more soldiers could be attacked from a greater distance than ever before.
Fire power increased and casualty rates skyrocketed.
The horrific conditions on the battlefront led many to suffer from shell shock.

18. p. 387, 4, analyzing visual sources
The message is that women should train themselves and get jobs in American industry in order to support the military.

19. Brief Response
How was World War I a test of America’s role in the world?