1. Volume 128, Issue 4, Pages 1023-1033 (April 2005)
Identification of cholelithogenic enterohepatic Helicobacter species and their role in murine cholesterol gallstone formation 
Kirk J. Maurer, Melanie M. Ihrig, Arlin B. Rogers, Vivian Ng, Guylaine Bouchard, Monika R. Leonard, Martin C. Carey, James G. Fox 
Gastroenterology 
Volume 128, Issue 4, Pages (April 2005)
DOI: /j.gastro
Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

2. Figure 1
Morphologic characterization by direct and polarizing light microscopy10 of gallbladder bile and stones of (A) Helicobacter spp-infected C57L mice fed a lithogenic diet for 8 weeks. Macroscopically visible stones (arrows) up to 2 mm in diameter within a mouse gallbladder. Progressive stages in development of cholecystolithiasis found in Helicobacter spp-infected C57L/J mice fed a lithogenic diet include (B) cholesterol monohydrate crystals,10 sandy stones10 (not shown), and (C) cholesterol gallstones10 (these stones have smooth contoured birefringent edges and dark centers due to light scattering and absorption). (D) Birefringent aggregated liquid crystals10 represent the minimal extent of lithogenesis in uninfected C57L mice fed a lithogenic diet. Bars: A, 500 μm; B, 100 μm; C, 170 μm; D, 50 μm.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

3. Figure 2
Compared with (A–C) sections from uninfected mice on a lithogenic diet, histopathologic examination of gallbladder tissue from Helicobacter spp-infected mice shows (D; arrows) epithelial disorganization with eosinophilic luminal secretory products, (E) hyperplasia and mucous intestinal-type metaplasia (black arrows; note absence of mucous staining in hyalinized epithelium, white arrow), and (F) epithelial hyalinosis (glassy pink-red material, black arrows) and patchy eosinophil-predominant inflammation (white arrows). Histologic stains: A, C, D, and F, H&E; B and E, alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff pH 2.5. Bars: A, B, D, and E, 170 μm; C and F, 85 μm.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions

4. Figure 3
Prevalence of Helicobacter DNA in various tissues from coinfected experimental groups. DNA was prepared from tissue using the high pure PCR template preparation kit and was either singly amplified from the cecum with species-specific primers using previously described conditions28 or amplified from the liver, gallbladder, or gallstones by nested amplification with an initial genus-specific primer set using previously described conditions.28 This was followed by a subsequent amplification of 2.5 μL of this product with species-specific primers to H hepaticus and H rodentium with reaction conditions as previously described.18,29 Biliary tree refers to a positive result from either intrahepatic bile ducts or gallbladder.
Gastroenterology  , DOI: ( /j.gastro )
Copyright © 2005 American Gastroenterological Association Terms and Conditions